C++实现一个简单的String类

头文件声明类

string1.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class String
{
private:
	char* str;
	int len;
	static int num_strings;

public:
	static const int CINLIM = 80;

public:
	//构造和析构
	String(const char*);// 构造函数
	String();//默认构造函数
	String(const String&);//拷贝构造函数
	~String();//析构函数

	//运算符重载
	String& operator=(const String&);
	String& operator=(const char*);
	char& operator[](int i);
	const char& operator[](int i)const;

	//运算符重载友元
	friend bool operator<(const String& st, const String& st2);
	friend bool operator>(const String& st, const String& st2);
	friend bool operator==(const String& st, const String& st2);
	friend ostream & operator<<(ostream& os, const String& st);
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, String& st);

	//静态函数
	static int HowMany();

};

源文件实现类

string.cpp

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include"string1.h"
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

//初始化静态成员变量
int String::num_strings = 0;

//静态成员函数定义
int String::HowMany()
{
	return num_strings;
}

//构造和析构
String::String(const char* s)//构造函数
{
	len = strlen(s);
	str = new char[len + 1];
	str = strcpy(str, s);
	num_strings++;
}

String::String()//默认构造
{
	len = 7;
	str = new char[len + 1];
	strcpy(str, "default");
	num_strings++;
}

String::String(const String& s)//拷贝构造
{
	len = s.len;
	str = new char[len + 1];
	strcpy(str, s.str);
	num_strings++;
}

String::~String()//析构函数
{
	num_strings--;
	delete[] str;
}

//运算符重载
String& String::operator=(const String& st)
{
	if (this == &st)
		return *this;
	delete[] str;
	len = st.len;
	str = new char[len + 1];
	strcpy(str, st.str);
	return *this;
}

String& String::operator=(const char* s)
{
	delete[] str;
	len = strlen(s);
	str = new char[len + 1];
	strcpy(str, s);
	return *this;
}

char& String::operator[](int i)
{
	return str[i];
}

const char& String::operator[](int i)const
{
	return str[i];
}

//运算符重载友元
bool operator<(const String& st, const String& st2)
{
	return (strcmp(st.str, st2.str) < 0);
}

bool operator>(const String& st, const String& st2)
{
	return st2 < st;
}

bool operator==(const String& st, const String& st2)
{
	return (strcmp(st.str, st2.str) == 0);
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const String& st)
{
	os << st.str;
	return os;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& is, String& st)
{
	char temp[String::CINLIM];
	is.get(temp, String::CINLIM);
	if (is)
		st = temp;
	//while (is && is.get() != '\0')
		//continue;
	return is;
}

测试

#include<iostream>
#include"string1.h"
using namespace std;


int main() {
	String name = "Mick";//"="运算符
	cout << "name: " << name << endl;//"<<"运算符

	String name2("Tom");//一般构造创建对象

	if (name < name2)//"<"运算符
		cout << name << "<" << name2 << endl;

	String name3 = String(name);//拷贝构造创建对象

	if (name == name3)//"=="运算符
		cout << name << "==" << name3 << endl;

	cout << "name[2]: " << name[2] << endl;//"[]"运算符

	String name4 = String();//默认构造创建对象
	cout << "name4: " << name4 << endl;

	String name5;
	cout << "请输入字符串：";
	cin >> name5;
	cout << "name5: " << name5 << endl;

	cout << "调用静态成员函数：" << String::HowMany() << endl;


}

运行结果