Python ElementTree XML

新建测试数据 example.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<data>
    <country name="Liechtenstein">
        <rank>1</rank>
        <year>2008</year>
        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank>4</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
    </country>
  <country name="Panama">
        <rank>68</rank>
        <year>2011</year>
        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
    </country>
</data>

可以使用 ET 模块的parse()函数来从指定的 XML 文件构造一个ElementTree对象：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

# 获取XML文档对象ElementTree
tree = ET.parse('C:\\Users\micha\\PycharmProjects\\nlp\\inspect\\example.xml')
# 获取XML文档对象的根节点element
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag) # output: data 

ET 模块的fromstring()函数提供从 XML 字符串构造一个Element对象的功能。

# Generate string representation of XML element生成XML元素的字符串表示
xml_str = ET.tostring(root)
print(xml_str)
#Parse XML document from sequence of string fragments
root = ET.fromstring(xml_str)

print(root.tag)


# output:

b'<data>\n    <country name="Liechtenstein">\n        <rank>1</rank>\n        <year>2008</year>\n        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>\n        <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />\n        <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />\n    </country>\n    <country name="Singapore">\n        <rank>4</rank>\n        <year>2011</year>\n        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>\n        <neighbor direction="N" name="Malaysia" />\n    </country>\n    <country name="Panama">\n        <rank>68</rank>\n        <year>2011</year>\n        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>\n        <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />\n        <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />\n    </country>\n</data>'

data

 查找 XML 结点

Element类提供了Element.iter()方法来查找指定的结点。Element.iter()会递归查找所有的子结点，以便查找到所有符合条件的结点。

# 递归查找所有的neighbor子节点
for neighbor in root.iter("neighbor"):
    print(neighbor.attrib)

# output

{'name': 'Austria', 'direction': 'E'}
{'name': 'Switzerland', 'direction': 'W'}
{'name': 'Malaysia', 'direction': 'N'}
{'name': 'Costa Rica', 'direction': 'W'}
{'name': 'Colombia', 'direction': 'E'}

如果使用Element.findall()或者Element.find()方法，则只会从结点的直接子结点中查找，并不会递归查找。

for country in root.findall("country"):
    rank = country.find("rank").text
    year = country.find("year").text
    name = country.get("name")
    print(name,rank,year)

# output

Liechtenstein 1 2008
Singapore 4 2011
Panama 68 2011