外观模式(Facade)
外观模式为了解决类与类之间的依赖关系,像Spring一样,可以将类和类之间的关系配置到配置文件中,而外观模式就是将他们的关系放在一个Facade类中,降低类与类之间的耦合度,该模式没有涉及接口,看下类图:(我们以一个计算机的启动过程为例)
我们先看下实现类
public class CPU {
public void startup() {
System.out.println("cpu startup");
}
public void shutdown() {
System.out.println("cpu shutdown");
}
}
public class Memory {
public void startup() {
System.out.println("memory startup");
}
public void shutdown() {
System.out.println("memory shutdown");
}
}
public class Disk {
public void startup() {
System.out.println("disk startup");
}
public void shutdown() {
System.out.println("disk shutdown");
}
}
public class Computer {
private CPU cpu;
private Memory memory;
private Disk disk;
public Computer() {
cpu = new CPU();
memory = new Memory();
disk = new Disk();
}
public void startup() {
System.out.println("start the computer!");
cpu.startup();
memory.startup();
disk.startup();
System.out.println("start computer finished");
}
public void shutdown() {
System.out.println("degin to close the computer!");
cpu.shutdown();
memory.shutdown();
disk.shutdown();
System.out.println("computer closed!");
}
}
User类如下
public class User {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Computer computer = new Computer();
computer.startup();
computer.shutdown();
}
}
输出:
start the computer!
cpu startup
memory startup
disk startup
start computer finished
degin to close the computer!
cpu shutdown
memory shutdown
disk shutdown
computer closed!
如果没有Computer类,那么,CPU、Memory、Disk他们之间将会互相持有实例,产生关系,这样会造成严重的依赖,修改一个类,可能会带来其他类的修改,这不是我们想要看到的,有了Computer,他们之间的关系被放在Computer类里,这样就起到解耦的作用,这就是外观模式!!!