Spring

adair-zhang

已于 2022-05-08 09:48:20 修改

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文章标签： spring

于 2022-05-04 22:58:58 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44042813/article/details/124579677

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概述

mms：springmvn+spring+mybatis

spring框架（容器）是一个大杂烩。IOC和AOP。支持事务。

spring七大模块：

spring开发顺序：

Spring Boot：基于它可以快速的开发单个微服务
Spring Cloud：基于Spring Boot实现
Spring Cloud Data Flow

掌握Spring和Spring MVC之后，才是Spring boot。

IOC理念

命名空间讲解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans>
    
</beans>

xmlns：命名空间，为了团队合作
xmlns:xsi：XMLSchema-instance它下面的属性
xsi:schemaLocation：以键值对存在。xsd：xml schema defination

实验

set注入<property>。（还有构造器注入）

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{			//dao层
    @Override
    public void getUser() {
        System.out.println("默认获取用户的数据");
    }
}
==================================================
public class UserDaoMySQLImpl implements UserDao{			//dao层
    @Override
    public void getUser() {
        System.out.println("Mysql获取用户的数据");
    }
}
==================================================
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{		//业务层
    private UserDao userDao ;

    //set注入。<property name="userDao" ref="mySQLImpl"/>	
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void getUser() {
        userDao.getUser();
    }
}
=====================beans.xml==============================
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="mySQLImpl" class="com.adair.dao.UserDaoMySQLImpl"/>
    <bean id="UserServiceImpl" class="com.adair.service.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="mySQLImpl"/>
    </bean>

</beans>
==================test/java===========================
public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    	//执行全部构造器
   		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        UserServiceImpl userServiceImpl = (UserServiceImpl) context.getBean("UserServiceImpl");
        userServiceImpl.getUser();
    }
}

HelloSpring

public class Hello {
    private String str;

    public String getStr() {
        return str;
    }

    public void setStr(String str) {
        this.str = str;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Hello{" +
                "str='" + str + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
=========================================
<bean id="hello" class="com.adair.pojo.Hello">
	<property name="str" value="Spring"/>
</bean>
============================================
public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Hello hello = (Hello) context.getBean("hello");
        System.out.println(hello.toString());
    }
}

Spring配置

别名<alias>

<bean id="userT" class="com.adair.pojo.UserT" name="alias1,alias2">
    <property name="name" value="UserTname"/>
</bean>
//或者
<alias name="User" alias="aliasofuser"/>

<import>。团队合作：引入其他人的配置文件。

========applicationcontext.xml========================
<import resource="beans.xml"/>

法一：依赖注入

Constructor注入

<constructor-arg>。三种方式

    <bean id="User" class="com.adair.pojo.User">
<!--    下标    <constructor-arg index="0" value="adair"/>-->
<!--    类型    <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="adair2"/>-->
        <!--参数名-->
         <constructor-arg name="name" value="adair3"/>	//构造器仅有有个变量
    </bean>

set注入

第一：pojo

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;	
    private String[] books;		//array		value
    private List<String> hobby;		//arraylist		value
    private Map<String,String> card;	//map		entry
    private Set<String> games;	//set   		value
    private String wife;		// <null/>
    private Properties info;	//props			prop
    
   
    //所有set/get
    //toString()
}

第二：bean.xml配置

<bean id="address" class="com.adair.pojo.Address">
    <property name="address" value="北京"/>
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="com.adair.pojo.Student">
    <property name="name" value="adair"/>
    <property name="address" ref="address"/>

    <!--数组array注入-->
    <property name="books">
        <array>
            <value>红楼梦</value>
            <value>三国演义</value>
            <value>水浒传</value>
            <value>西游记</value>
        </array>
    </property>

    <!--list-->
    <property name="hobby">
        <list>
            <value>跑步</value>
            <value>爬山</value>
            <value>旅游</value>
        </list>
    </property>

    <!--map-->
    <property name="card">
        <map>
            <entry key="身份证" value="666"/>
            <entry key="银行号" value="888"/>
        </map>
    </property>

    <!--Set-->
    <property name="games">
        <set>
            <value>LOL</value>
            <value>COC</value>
            <value>BOB</value>
        </set>
    </property>

    <!--null-->
    <property name="wife">
        <null/>
    </property>

    <!--Properties-->
    <property name="info">
        <props>
            <prop key="driver">20190525</prop>
            <prop key="url">男</prop>
            <prop key="username">root</prop>
            <prop key="password">123456</prop>
        </props>
    </property>
</bean>

第三：MyTest

p、c拓展注入

p为property，c为constructor

User类	//  set/get/toString
==================beans.xml=======================
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"		//beans
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

    <!--p命名空间property-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.adair.pojo.User" p:name="adair" p:age="18"/>
    <!--c命名空间constructor。构造器中有name,age参数-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.adair.pojo.User" c:name="adair2" c:age="19"/>

bean的scope

singleton
prototype
request,session,application在web开发中利用。

自动配置

会自动寻找符合的类型

autowire：

xml中。autowire的两个属性byName，byType

//人有猫和狗
<bean id="dog" class="com.adair.pojo.Dog"/>
<bean id="cat" class="com.adair.pojo.Cat"/>

<!--自动装入=byname,set方法中dog会找beanid为dog自动匹配
byType:set之后的类型会匹配bean相同的类。必须bean中仅有一个此类，如果一个类弄两个id报错-->
<bean id="people" class="com.adair.pojo.People" autowire="byName">
    <property name="name" value="adair"/>	
    //猫和狗不用引用，autowire会自动填入
</bean>

注解。@autowired也可以配合@Qualifier(value = “”)

public class People {
//    加了autowired，可以不用get,仍需set
    @Autowired
    private Dog dog;
    @Autowired
    private Cat cat;
    private String name;
}
===============================================
    <!--获得注解的支持-->
    <context:annotation-config/>

    <bean id="cat" class="com.adair.pojo.Cat"/>
    <bean id="dog" class="com.adair.pojo.Dog"/>
    <bean id="people" class="com.adair.pojo.People"/>	//people中属性的注解自动使用byName

@resource

先byname再bytype

resource内部也有name属性

法二：使用注解开发

使用注解开发，必须用到aop包的导入
<context:annotation-config/>类中可以用Spring的注解

相当于bean（Spring下的）

pojo：@Component
dao：@Repository
service：@Service
controller：@Controller

==================================
//相当于<bean id="user" class="com.adair.pojo.User"/>
@Component		//配合<context:component-scan base-package="com.adair"/>

@Scope("prototype")
public class User {
    @Value("adair2")    //相当于<property/>
    public String name="adair";

    @Value("adair3")
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
==================================================
<!--扫描路径的包，包里面的spring下注解才会生效-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.adair"/>
<!--获得注解的支持,类可以使用autowired,resource-->
<context:annotation-config/>

xml与注解：开发区别

注解：属性的注入
xml管理bean

法三：纯java配置Spring

方法：全部利用注解，不用xml进行配置

普通类

@Component  //说明这个类被Sping注册到了容器中，
public class User {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    @Value("adair")
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

实体类

@Component  //这个也会被注册到容器中
//不用xml的<context:component-scan base-package="com.adair"/>
@ComponentScan("com.adair.pojo")	
@Import(AdairConfig.class)
public class AdairConfig {

    @Bean	//相当于配置文件中的bean
    public User user(){
        return new User();
    }
}

测试类

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AdairConfig.class);
        User getUser = (User) context.getBean("user");
        System.out.println(getUser.toString());
    }
}

代理模式

分类

静态代理
动态代理

静态代理，代码过程：

接口：要做事情的名字
真实角色
代理角色
客户端访问代理

缺点：每一个类都要单独一个代理。

动态代理（本质就是反射）：

基于接口。jdk
基于类。cglib
java字节码。javasist

核心：InvocationHandler（接口）和Proxy（类）

public class ProxyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
    private Object target;

    public void setTarget(Object target) {
        this.target = target;
    }
    //得到代理
    public Object getProxy(){
        return Proxy.newProxyInstance(this.getClass().getClassLoader(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(),this);
    }

    //执行客户端的方法,InvocationHandler带的方法
    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println(method.getName());
        Object invoke = method.invoke(target, args);
        //在这里可以用其他方法
        return invoke;
    }
}
==================================================
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //真实对象
        UserServiceImpl userService = new UserServiceImpl();
        //代理角色，不存在
        ProxyInvocationHandler pid = new ProxyInvocationHandler();
        pid.setTarget(userService);//设置代理对象
        //动态生成代理
        UserService proxy = (UserService) pid.getProxy();
        proxy.add();
    }
}

优点：一类事务，只用一个写一个代理代码即可

AOP

AOP核心就是代理

横切关注点
切面（aspect）：一个类
通知（advice）：类的一个方法
目标（target）：
代理（proxy）：
切入点（pointcut）:
连接点（jointpoint）

织入需要此依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
    <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
    <version>1.9.9.1</version>
</dependency>

第一种：Spring API

pojo

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    @Override
    public void add() {
        System.out.println("add啊");
    }

    @Override
    public void delete() {
        System.out.println("delete啊");
    }

    @Override
    public void update() {
        System.out.println("update啊");
    }

    @Override
    public void query() {
        System.out.println("query啊");
    }
}

public class Log implements MethodBeforeAdvice {
    @Override
    public void before(Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println(target.getClass().getName() + "执行了" + method.getName());
    }
}
==================================================
public class AfterLog implements AfterReturningAdvice {
    @Override
    public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println(method.getName() + "执行了，并返回" + returnValue);
    }
}

要引入aop网址

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<!--获得注解的支持-->
<bean id="userService" class="com.adair.service.UserServiceImpl"/>
<bean id="log" class="com.adair.log.Log"/>
<bean id="afterLog" class="com.adair.log.AfterLog"/>

<!--Spring API接口方式-->
<aop:config>    <!--需要配置aop的引入-->
    <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.adair.service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))"/>
    <aop:advisor advice-ref="log" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
    <aop:advisor advice-ref="afterLog" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
</aop:config>

MyTest

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //返回的必须是接口，不可以是类
        UserService userService = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class);
        userService.query();
    }
}
==================返回结果================================
com.adair.service.UserServiceImpl执行了query
query啊
query执行了，并返回null

第二种：自定义类

自定义类。一会使用此类的方法给B类

public class DiyPointCut {
    public void before(){
        System.out.println("方法执行前");
    }
    public void after(){
        System.out.println("方法执行后");
    }
}

applicationContext.xml

<bean id="diy" class="com.adair.diy.DiyPointCut"/>
<aop:config>
    <!--自定义切面，即一个类，借用此类的方法-->
    <aop:aspect ref="diy">
        <!--切入点-->
        <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* com.adair.service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))"/>
        <aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="point"/>	//method="before"DiyPointCut
        <aop:after method="after" pointcut-ref="point"/>
    </aop:aspect>
</aop:config>

其他同方法一。结果相同

第三种：使用注解

配置

<bean id="annotationPointCut" class="com.adair.diy.AnnotationPointCut"/>
<!--开启注解支持-->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>

切面的类

@Aspect
public class AnnotationPointCut {
    @Before("execution(* com.adair.service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))")
    public void before(){
        System.out.println("annotation方式：方法执行前");
    }
    @After("execution(* com.adair.service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))")
    public void after(){
        System.out.println("annotation方式：方法执行后");
    }

    @Around("execution(* com.adair.service.UserServiceImpl.*(..))")
    public void around(ProceedingJoinPoint jp) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("annotation方式：around方法执行前");
        System.out.println(jp.getSignature());
        System.out.println(jp.proceed());
        System.out.println("annotation方式：around方法执行后");
    }
}

其余同方法一。

整合MyBatis

方式一

步骤：

导入jar包。mybatis、junit、mysql、springmvc、spring-jdbc、aop织入、mybatis-spring、、
配置
测试

实验

=============com.adair.pojo=================
@Data
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String pwd;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

方法接口，其映射配置文档

public interface UserMapper {

    public List<User> selectUser();

}
=============com.adair.mapper的UserMapper.xml=================
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0/EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.adair.mapper.UserMapper">
    <select id="selectUser" resultType="user">
        select * from mybatis.user
    </select>
</mapper>
=================================================
public class UserMapperImpl implements UserMapper{

    private SqlSessionTemplate sqlSession;


    public void setSqlSession(SqlSessionTemplate sqlSession) {
        this.sqlSession = sqlSession;
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> selectUser() {
        UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        return mapper.selectUser();
    }
}

resources：mybatis-config.xml和spring-dao.xml

=================mybatis-config.xml================================
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0/EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<configuration>
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.adair.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>

<!--    <settings>-->
<!--        <setting name="" value=""/>-->
<!--    </settings>-->
</configuration>
=================spring-dao.xml================================
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--datasource，我们这里使用spring-jdbc。c3p0,dbcp,druid-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="123"/>
    </bean>
    
    <!--sqlSessionFactory-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <!--mybatis.xml的配置引入-->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
        <!--注册类的配置文件-->
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/adair/mapper/*.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <!--sqlSession,官方推荐sqlSessionTemplate-->
    <bean id="sqlSession" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
        <!--只能用构造器注入，因为没有set方法-->
        <constructor-arg index="0" ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    </bean>
    
    <!--前面三个bean均为得到sqlSessionFact-->

    <bean id="UserMapperImpl" class="com.adair.mapper.UserMapperImpl">
        <property name="sqlSession" ref="sqlSession"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

MyTest

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void test() throws IOException {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-dao.xml");
        UserMapper userMapper = (UserMapper) context.getBean("UserMapperImpl");
        for (User user : userMapper.selectUser()) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
}

方式二

public class UserMapperImpl2 extends SqlSessionDaoSupport implements UserMapper {
    @Override
    public List<User> selectUser() {
        return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class).selectUser();
    }
}
======================================================
    <bean id="UserMapperImpl2" class="UserMapperImpl2">
        <property name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    </bean>

其他同方式一

事务

声明式事务

编程式事务

public class UserMapperImpl  extends SqlSessionDaoSupport implements UserMapper {
    @Override
    public List<User> selectUser() {
        UserMapper mapper = getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        mapper.addUser(new User(6,"xiaoliu","666"));
        mapper.deleteUser(6);
        return mapper.selectUser();

    }
    @Override
    public int addUser(User user) {
        return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class).addUser(user);
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteUser(int id) {
        return getSqlSession().getMapper(UserMapper.class).deleteUser(id);
    }
}
================spring-dao.xml========================
    <!--配置事务通知-->	//如果没有事务，则MyTest中会增加“xiaoliu”,而不会删除
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="add" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="delete" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="update" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="query" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="txPointCut" expression="execution(* com.adair.mapper.*.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointCut"/>
    </aop:config>
=======================================
    public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void test() throws IOException {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserMapper userMapper = (UserMapper) context.getBean("UserMapperImpl");
        for (User user : userMapper.selectUser()) {
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
}