1.什么是spring,它能够做什么?
Spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。然而,Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。
目的:解决企业应用开发的复杂性
功能:使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应用功能
范围:任何Java应用
简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
2.什么是控制反转(或依赖注入) ?
控制反转(IoC=Inversion of Control)IoC,用白话来讲,就是由容器控制程序之间的(依赖)关系,而非传统实现中,由程序代码直接操控。这也就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在:(依赖)控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器,控制权的转移,是所谓反转。
IoC还有一个另外的名字:“依赖注入 (DI=Dependency Injection)” ,即由容器动态的将某种依赖关系注入到组件之中
简单案例导入思维:
使用spring完成:给客户添加一个文件上传的接口,实现文件上传的功能 客户在使用了之后,觉得上传文件的速度太慢了,要求提升该功能的性能
UserService.java
package com.wangcong.ioc.service;
/**
* 实现业务功能的接口
* 完成的需求:给客户添加一个文件上传的接口,实现文件上传的功能
* 客户在使用了之后,觉得上传文件的速度太慢了,要去提升该功能的性能
* @author only老K,我为自己带盐
*
*/
public interface UserService {
public void upload();
}
UserServiceImpl1.java
package com.wangcong.ioc.service;
/**
* 第一个版本的:程序员实现功能而写的实现类,并没有考虑到性能问题
* @author 86135
*
*/
public class UserServiceImpl1 implements UserService{
@Override
public void upload() {
//性能不行的话,会在当前方法进行代码修改,比如说,之前没有用到缓冲流,现在在当前方法中使用缓冲流,来提升性能
System.out.println("v1.0 程序员实现功能而写的实现类,并没有考虑到性能的问题");
}
}
UserServiceImpl2.java
package com.wangcong.ioc.service;
/**
* 解决客户投诉问题,上传功能的性能问题 v2.0
* @author only老k,我为自己带盐
*
*/
public class UserServiceImpl2 implements UserService{
@Override
public void upload() {
System.out.println("解决客户投诉问题,上传功能的性能问题 v2.0");
}
}
UserAction.java
package com.wangcong.web;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserService;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserServiceImpl1;
public class UserAction {
private UserService userService=new UserServiceImpl1();
public void test1() {
userService.upload();
}
}
TeacherAction.java
package com.wangcong.web;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserService;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserServiceImpl2;
public class TeacherAction {
private UserService userService=new UserServiceImpl2();
public void test1() {
userService.upload();
}
}
问题:
目前存在问题:如果说多个action类要使用同一个service接口,那么一旦service实现类发生改变那么,就需要程序员改动每一个action中的代码,去改变该service接口的具体应用的实现类。
但是在Springioc就解决上述问题:
实现了一处改动,多处受益的结果
提供项目大体图片:
提供pom.xml文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.zking</groupId>
<artifactId>string</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>string Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<spring.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
<javax.servlet.version>4.0.0</javax.servlet.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 2、导入spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.1、junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.2、servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${javax.servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>spring</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
上述代码更改两个Action方法即可。
TeacherAction.java
package com.wangcong.web;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserService;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserServiceImpl2;
public class TeacherAction {
private UserService userService;
public UserService getUserService() {
return userService;
}
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
public void test1() {
userService.upload();
}
}
UserAction.java
package com.wangcong.web;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserService;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserServiceImpl1;
public class UserAction {
private UserService userService;
public UserService getUserService() {
return userService;
}
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
public void test1() {
userService.upload();
}
}
编写spring-context.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.3.xsd">
<bean class="com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserServiceImpl2" id="userService"></bean>
<bean class="com.wangcong.web.UserAction" id="userAction" >
<property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
</bean>
<bean class="com.wangcong.web.TeacherAction" id="teacherAction" >
<property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
IocTest.java
package com.wangcong.ioc.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.wangcong.web.TeacherAction;
import com.wangcong.web.UserAction;
public class IocTest {
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext applicationContext
=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
UserAction userAction= (UserAction) applicationContext.getBean("userAction");
userAction.test1();
TeacherAction teacherAction = (TeacherAction) applicationContext.getBean("teacherAction");
teacherAction.test1();
}
}
运行IocTest.java文件
实现效果如下:
以及更改spring-congtext.xml文件
结果如下:
实现每次只需要更改一行代码即可.
Spring的注入方式
* IOC的注入方式及各类类型
* set注入
* 基本数据类型与String
* 数组
* 自定义类型
*
* 构造注入
* 自动装配
* @author only老K,我为自己带盐
讲解set注入
UserAction.java
package com.wangcong.web;
import java.util.List;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserService;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserServiceImpl1;
/**
* IOC的注入方式及各类类型
* set注入
* 基本数据类型与String
* 数组
* 自定义类型
*
* 构造注入
* 自动装配
* @author only老K,我为自己带盐
*
*/
public class UserAction {
private UserService userService;
private String uname;
private int age;
private List<String> hobby;
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public List<String> getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public UserService getUserService() {
return userService;
}
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
/**
* 注入问题
*/
public void test1() {
// userService.upload();
System.out.println(this.uname);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
更改spring-context.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.3.xsd">
<bean class="com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserServiceImpl1" id="userService"></bean>
<bean class="com.wangcong.web.UserAction" id="userAction" >
<!-- set注入用property标签 -->
<property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
<property name="uname" value="zs" ></property>
<property name="age" value="22"></property>
<property name="hobby">
<list>
<value>篮球</value>
<value>Rap</value>
<value>广场舞</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="com.wangcong.web.TeacherAction" id="teacherAction" >
<property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
在Ioctest.java文件中测试结果如下:
讲解构造注入
提供UserAction.java
package com.wangcong.web;
import java.util.List;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserService;
import com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserServiceImpl1;
/**
* IOC的注入方式及各类类型
* set注入
* 基本数据类型与String
* 数组
* 自定义类型
*
* 构造注入
* 自动装配
* @author only老K,我为自己带盐
*
*/
public class UserAction {
private UserService userService;
private String uname;
private int age;
private List<String> hobby;
public UserAction() {
super();
}
public UserAction(String uname, int age) {
super();
this.uname = uname;
this.age = age;
}
public List<String> getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
public UserService getUserService() {
return userService;
}
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
/**
* 注入问题
*/
public void test1() {
// userService.upload();
System.out.println(this.uname);
System.out.println(this.age);
System.out.println(this.hobby);
}
}
更改spring-context.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.3.xsd">
<bean class="com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserServiceImpl2" id="userService"></bean>
<bean class="com.wangcong.web.UserAction" id="userAction" >
<!-- set注入用property标签 -->
<property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
<!-- <property name="uname" value="zs" ></property>
<property name="age" value="22"></property> -->
<!-- set注入用构造注入 -->
<constructor-arg name="uname" value="ls"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="22"></constructor-arg>
<property name="hobby">
<list>
<value>篮球</value>
<value>Rap</value>
<value>广场舞</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="com.wangcong.web.TeacherAction" id="teacherAction" >
<property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
测试成功。
讲解自动装配:default-autowire="byType"以及default-autowire=“byName”
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
default-autowire="byType"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.3.xsd">
<bean class="com.wangcong.ioc.service.UserServiceImpl2" id="userService"></bean>
<bean class="com.wangcong.web.UserAction" id="userAction" >
<!-- set注入用property标签 -->
<!-- <property name="userService" ref="userService"></property> -->
<!-- <property name="uname" value="zs" ></property>
<property name="age" value="22"></property> -->
<!-- set注入用构造注入 -->
<constructor-arg name="uname" value="ls"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="age" value="22"></constructor-arg>
<property name="hobby">
<list>
<value>篮球</value>
<value>Rap</value>
<value>广场舞</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="com.wangcong.web.TeacherAction" id="teacherAction" >
<!-- <property name="userService" ref="userService"></property> -->
</bean>
</beans>
spring的上下文交给tomcat上下文管理
UserServlet.java
package com.wangcong.ioc.web;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
@WebServlet("/user")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("处理用户请求");
ApplicationContext springContext = (ApplicationContext) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("spring_key");
UserAction userAction = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("xxx");
userAction.upload();
}
}
SpringLoaderListener.java
package com.wangcong.ioc.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* spring作为管理整个工程中的所有的javabean,那么如何在用户发送请求的时候能够访问到到指定的javabean
* @author 86135
*处理方式:在监听器中将spring的上下文交给tomcat进行管理
*思路:浏览器-->request-->servletContext-->springContext-->任意的JavaBean
*/
@WebListener
public class SpringLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener{
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("tomcat一启动就触发了");
//拿到tomcat上下文
ServletContext tomcatContext = sce.getServletContext();
//springXmlLocation来源:web.xml
String springXmlLocation=tomcatContext.getInitParameter("springXmlLocation");
System.out.println("spring的上下文配置"+springXmlLocation);
//可能自定义mvc中没有填配置文件就用默认的
ApplicationContext springContext =null;
if(springXmlLocation==null || "".equals(springXmlLocation)) {//没有配置
springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
}else {//配置了
springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springContext);
}
//拿到spring的上下文
//ApplicationContext springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
//交给tomcat管理
tomcatContext.setAttribute("spring_key", springContext);
}
}
web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>springXmlLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/spring-other.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>