import lxml.html
# lxml.html.fromstring 解析出的第一个节点是根节点
parse_result = lxml.html.fromstring(test_data)
elements = parse_result.xpath("//div/ul/li/a")
for e in elements:
print(e.text)
parse_result = lxml.html.fromstring(test_data)
a_elements = parse_result.xpath("//book")
print(a_elements)
# 注意在双斜线路径前的"."号表示当前路径
for a in a_elements:
print(a.xpath(".//title")[0].text