任务描述
本关任务:按照编程要求执行相应的select操作。
相关知识
为了完成本关任务,你需要掌握:1. select语法格式;2. 常用的select语法。
select 语法格式
Hive select操作的语法与SQL-92规范几乎没有区别,其格式语法为:
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] select_expr,select_expr,… FROM table_reference
[WHERE where_condition] [GROUP BY col_list] [CLUSTER BY col_list | [DISTRIBUTE BY col_list] [SORT BY col_list]] [LIMIT number]
select 与各种属性的组合
简单的select查询操作,如下面的查询操作返回students表中所有的行和列:
hive> select * from students;
带WHERE子句的select条件查询操作,返回满足WHERE指定条件的行。如下面的查询操作返回用户信息表users中的年龄大于10岁且国籍为中国的所有用户:
hive> select * from users where age > 10 and state = “China”;
带ALL和DISTINCT关键字的查询操作作用于确定是否返回重复的行,默认为ALL,即select查询返回重复的行:
hive> select coll,coll2 from t1;
1 3
1 3
1 4
2 5
hive> select distinct coll,coll2 from t1;
1 3
1 4
2 5
hive> select distinct coll from t1;
1
2
带HAVING关键字的查询操作用于代替复杂的子查询操作
如查询操作:
hive> select coll from (select coll,sum(col2) as col2sum from t1 group by coll) t2 where t2.col2sum > 10;
可以替换为:
hive> select coll from t1 group by col1 having sum(col2) >10;
带LIMIT关键字的查询操作用于返回指定数目的满足条件的行(常用于返回Top k 问题)。返回满足条件的5条记录,返回结果为从满足条件的记录中随机选取5条。
select * from t1 limit 5;
Top k问题,返回满足条件的列按col1降序排列的前5条记录:
select * from t1 sort by col1 desc limit 5;
编程要求
test2数据库中student表结构为:
INFO TYPE COMMENT
Sno INT student sno
name STRING student name
age INT student age
sex STRING student sex
score STRUCT <Chinese:FLOAT,Math:FLOAT,English:FLOAT> student score
表中的数据为:
切换到test2数据库;
查询student表中所有的行和列;
查询年龄age > 17的女生female;
查询语文成绩Chinese > 90的记录;
从student表中查询前3条记录;
返回按年龄降序的前2条记录。
按照以上要求填写命令。每个要求对应一条命令,共6条命令,以;隔开。
由于hive启动时间较长,测评时请耐心等待,大概需要时间:1-2分钟。
测试说明
平台会对你编写的命令进行测试:
若操作成功,会显示如下信息:
1 Xiaohong 18 female {"chinese":96.0,"math":88.0,"english":90.5}
2 Xiaoliang 17 male {"chinese":95.0,"math":88.0,"english":93.5}
3 Xiaoming 19 male {"chinese":86.5,"math":98.0,"english":91.0}
4 Xiaoguang 18 male {"chinese":88.0,"math":80.0,"english":94.0}
5 Xiaohua 16 female {"chinese":97.0,"math":58.5,"english":88.0}
1 Xiaohong 18 female {"chinese":96.0,"math":88.0,"english":90.5}
1 Xiaohong 18 female {"chinese":96.0,"math":88.0,"english":90.5}
2 Xiaoliang 17 male {"chinese":95.0,"math":88.0,"english":93.5}
5 Xiaohua 16 female {"chinese":97.0,"math":58.5,"english":88.0}
1 Xiaohong 18 female {"chinese":96.0,"math":88.0,"english":90.5}
2 Xiaoliang 17 male {"chinese":95.0,"math":88.0,"english":93.5}
3 Xiaoming 19 male {"chinese":86.5,"math":98.0,"english":91.0}
3 Xiaoming 19 male {"chinese":86.5,"math":98.0,"english":91.0}
4 Xiaoguang 18 male {"chinese":88.0,"math":80.0,"english":94.0}
说明:
1-5行返回的是查询student表中所有的行和列的结果
6行返回的是查询年龄age > 17的女生female的结果
7-9行返回的是查询语文成绩Chinese > 90的记录的结果
10-12行返回的是从student表中查询前3条记录的结果
12-13行返回的是返回按年龄降序的前2条记录的结果
开始你的任务吧,祝你成功!
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test2
LOCATION '/hive/test2'
WITH DBPROPERTIES('creator'='John','date'='2019-02-25');
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test2.student(
Sno INT COMMENT 'student sno',
name STRING COMMENT 'student name',
age INT COMMENT 'student age',
sex STRING COMMENT 'student sex',
score STRUCT<Chinese:FLOAT,Math:FLOAT,English:FLOAT> COMMENT 'student score')
COMMENT 'students information table'
row format delimited fields terminated by ','
collection items terminated by '-'
TBLPROPERTIES ('creator'='John','date'='2019-02-25');
USE test2;
select * from student;
select * from student where age>17 and sex="female";
select * from student where score.Chinese>90;
select * from student where Sno<4;
select * from student sort by age desc limit 2;
在这里我想说的是,struct结构应该如何选取其中一部分进行筛取
如题:7-9行返回的是查询语文成绩Chinese > 90的记录的结果
hive>select * from student where score.Chinese>90