spring之ioc

1. 什么是spring,它能够做什么?
Spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。
Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。
然而,Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。
目的:解决企业应用开发的复杂性
功能:使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应用功能
范围:任何Java应用
简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
1.1 中间层框架、万能胶
struts2
spring
hibernate
1.2 容器框架
JavaBean 项目中的一个个类
IOC和AOP
**2. 什么是控制反转(或依赖注入) **
控制反转(IoC=Inversion of Control)IoC,用白话来讲,就是由容器控制程序之间的(依赖)关系,而非传统实现中,由程序代码直接操控。这也就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在:(依赖)控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器,控制权的转移,是所谓反转。
IoC还有一个另外的名字:“依赖注入 (DI=Dependency Injection)” ,即由容器动态的将某种依赖关系注入到组件之中
案例:实现Spring的IoC

IOC/DI
将以前由程序员实例化对象/赋值的工作交给了spring处理
**
3. 如何在spring当中定义和配置一个JavaBean(使用无参构造方法+set方法创建一个JavaBean**
3.1 id:在容器中查找Bean的id(唯一、且不能以/开头)
3.2 class:bean的完整类名
3.3 name:在容器中查找Bean的名字(唯一、允许以/开头、允许多个值,多个值之间用逗号或空格隔开)
3.4 scope:(singleton|prototype)默认是singleton
3.4.1 singleton(单例模式):在每个Spring IoC容器中一个bean定义对应一个对象实例
3.4.2 prototype(原型模式/多例模式):一个bean定义对应多个对象实例
3.4 abstract:将一个bean定义成抽象bean(抽象bean是不能实例化的),抽象类一定要定义成抽象bean,非抽象类也可以定义成抽象bean
3.5 parent:指定一个父bean(必须要有继承关系才行)
3.6 init-method:指定bean的初始化方法
3.7 constructor-arg:使用有参数构造方法创建javaBean
接下来就是上代码;
导入pom.xml依赖:

<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>3.8.1</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 2、导入spring依赖 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 5.1、junit -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>${junit.version}</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 5.2、servlet -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>${javax.servlet.version}</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>

spring-context.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">

	
	
	<bean id="userBiz" class="com.lx.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl1"></bean>
	<bean id="userAction" class="com.lx.ioc.web.UserAction">
		<!-- <property name="uid" value="22"></property> <property name="uname" 
			value="lx"></property> -->
		<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
		<constructor-arg name="uid" value="22"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg name="uname" value="lx"></constructor-arg>
		<property name="hobby">
			<list>
				<value>憨</value>
				<value>皮</value>
				<value>rap</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
</beans>

UserBiz:

package com.lx.ioc.biz;

public interface UserBiz {
	public void read();
}



UserAction:


package com.lx.ioc.web;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.lx.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
import com.lx.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl2;
public class UserAction {
	private UserBiz userBiz;
	
	private int uid;
	private String uname;
	private List<String> hobby = new ArrayList<String>();
	
	/*public int getUid() {
		return uid;
	}
	public void setUid(int uid) {
		this.uid = uid;
	}
	public String getUname() {
		return uname;
	}
	public void setUname(String uname) {
		this.uname = uname;
	}*/
	
	public List<String> getHobby() {
		return hobby;
	}
	public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
		return userBiz;
	}
	public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
		this.userBiz = userBiz;
	}
	public UserAction() {
		super();
	}
	public UserAction(int uid, String uname) {
		super();
		this.uid = uid;
		this.uname = uname;
	}
	public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
		this.hobby = hobby;
	}
	/**
	 * set注入
	 */
	public void test1() {
		System.out.println("uid:"+this.uid);
		System.out.println("uname:"+this.uname);
		System.out.println("hobby:"+this.hobby);
	}
	/**
	 * 构造注入
	 */
	public void test2() {

	}
	/**
	 * 测试注入引用数据类型
	 */
	public void test3() {
		userBiz.read();
	}
}


UserBizImpl1:

package com.lx.ioc.biz.impl;

import com.lx.ioc.biz.UserBiz;

public class UserBizImpl1 implements UserBiz{

	@Override
	public void read() {
		System.out.println("111");
	}

}



UserBizImpl2:

package com.lx.ioc.biz.impl;

import com.lx.ioc.biz.UserBiz;

public class UserBizImpl2 implements UserBiz{

	@Override
	public void read() {
		System.out.println("222");
	}

}



SpringLoadListener:

package com.lx.ioc.test;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
@WebListener
public class SpringLoadListener implements ServletContextListener {
	private String springXmlLocation="";
	@Override
	public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
		System.out.println("监听了Tomcat的启动");
		ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();
		springXmlLocation = servletContext.getInitParameter("springXmlLocation");
		if(null==springXmlLocation || "".equals(springXmlLocation)) {
			springXmlLocation = "/spring-context.xml";
		}
		System.out.println("springXmlLocation"+springXmlLocation);
		ApplicationContext springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
		servletContext.setAttribute("SPRING_CONTEXT_KEY", springContext);
	}
	
	
}



UserServlet:

package com.lx.ioc.test;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import com.lx.ioc.web.UserAction;
@WebServlet("/user")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
		ApplicationContext springContext = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("SPRING_CONTEXT_KEY");
		UserAction bean = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("userAction");
		bean.test3();
	}
}



在web.xml中配置:

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
	<context-param>
		<param-name>springXmlLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>/spring-other.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
</web-app> 



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