一、反射是什么?
Java反射机制是在运行状态中,对于任意一个类,都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法;对于任意一个对象,都能够调用它的任意一个方法和属性;这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制。
二、利用反射动态创建对象
实体类Animal
public class Animal {
private String name;
private String sex;
private int age;
public Animal() {
}
public Animal(String name, String sex, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Animal{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
1.获取class对象的三种方式
//1.对象getClass()方法
Class c1 = dog.getClass();
Class c2 = cat.getClass();
System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
System.out.println("c2 = " + c2);
//2.类的class属性
Class c3 = Animal.class;
System.out.println("c3 = " + c3);
//3.Class.forName()获取--最常用
//通过Class类的一个forName(String className)静态方法返回一个Class对象
//className必须是全路径名称
//Class.forName()有异常:ClassNotFoundException
Class c4 = null;
try {
c4 = Class.forName("com.reflex.demo1.Animal");
System.out.println("c4 = " + c4);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
System.out.println("(c1=c2) = " + (c1==c2));
System.out.println("(c1=c3) = " + (c1==c3));
System.out.println("(c1=c4) = " + (c1==c4));
控制台打印:
c1 = class com.reflex.demo1.Animal
c2 = class com.reflex.demo1.Animal
c3 = class com.reflex.demo1.Animal
c4 = class com.reflex.demo1.Animal
(c1=c2) = true
(c1=c3) = true
(c1=c4) = true
2.动态创建对象
//1.newInstance()创建对象
try {
Object obj1= c3.newInstance();
System.out.println(obj1.toString());
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//2.构造方法创建对象
try {
Constructor constructor
= c3.getConstructor(String.class, String.class, int.class);
Object obj2 = constructor.newInstance("猪", "公", 3);
System.out.println(obj2.toString());
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
控制台打印:
Animal{name=‘null’, sex=‘null’, age=0}
Animal{name=‘猪’, sex=‘公’, age=3}
三、利用反射调用方法
try {
c4 = Class.forName("com.reflex.demo1.Animal");
Animal obj3 = (Animal) c4.newInstance();
obj3.setName("人");
Method m1 = c4.getMethod("getName");
Object o = m1.invoke(obj3);
System.out.println(o);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
控制台打印:人
四、动态操作属性
Object obj4= null;
try {
c4 = Class.forName("com.reflex.demo1.Animal");
obj4 = c4.newInstance();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//获取公有属性
Field[] fields1 = c4.getFields();
for (Field field : fields1) {
System.out.println("公有属性" + field.getName());
}
//获取私有属性
Field[] fields2 = c4.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields2) {
System.out.println("私有属性" + field.getName());
}
//给属性赋值
fields2 = c4.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields2) {
//System.out.println("私有属性" + field.getName());
field.setAccessible(true);
try {
if(field.getType().equals(String.class)){
field.set(obj4,"123");
}else if (field.getType().equals(int.class)) {
field.set(obj4,123);
}
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println(obj4.toString());
//调用get,set方法
try {
PropertyDescriptor p = new PropertyDescriptor("name", c4);
Method mset = p.getWriteMethod();
mset.invoke(obj4,"haha");
Method mget = p.getReadMethod();
System.out.println(mget.invoke(obj4));
} catch (IntrospectionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//拼接
String fname = "name";
String mname = "get" + fname.substring(0,1).toUpperCase() + fname.substring(1);
try {
Method method = c4.getMethod(mname);
System.out.println(method.invoke(obj4));
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
控制台打印:
私有属性name
私有属性sex
私有属性age
Animal{name=‘123’, sex=‘123’, age=123}
haha
haha
五、应用场景
1、JDBC连接数据库驱动类
2、工厂模式
3、Spring 框架IOC容器自动加载applicationContext.xml
总结
浅学了一天反射的基础理解,还有很多疑惑和不懂的地方,再接再厉。