Java反射学习笔记

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一、反射是什么？

Java反射机制是在运行状态中，对于任意一个类，都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法；对于任意一个对象，都能够调用它的任意一个方法和属性；这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制。

二、利用反射动态创建对象

实体类Animal

public class Animal {
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private int age;

    public Animal() {
    }

    public Animal(String name, String sex, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Animal{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

1.获取class对象的三种方式

        //1.对象getClass()方法
        Class c1 = dog.getClass();
        Class c2 = cat.getClass();
        System.out.println("c1 = " + c1);
        System.out.println("c2 = " + c2);
        //2.类的class属性
        Class c3 = Animal.class;
        System.out.println("c3 = " + c3);

        //3.Class.forName()获取--最常用
        //通过Class类的一个forName（String className)静态方法返回一个Class对象
        //className必须是全路径名称
        //Class.forName()有异常：ClassNotFoundException
        Class c4 = null;
        try {
            c4 = Class.forName("com.reflex.demo1.Animal");
            System.out.println("c4 = " + c4);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
        System.out.println("(c1=c2) = " + (c1==c2));
        System.out.println("(c1=c3) = " + (c1==c3));
        System.out.println("(c1=c4) = " + (c1==c4));

控制台打印：
c1 = class com.reflex.demo1.Animal
c2 = class com.reflex.demo1.Animal
c3 = class com.reflex.demo1.Animal
c4 = class com.reflex.demo1.Animal
(c1=c2) = true
(c1=c3) = true
(c1=c4) = true

2.动态创建对象

        //1.newInstance()创建对象
        try {
            Object obj1= c3.newInstance();
            System.out.println(obj1.toString());
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //2.构造方法创建对象
        try {
            Constructor constructor 
            = c3.getConstructor(String.class, String.class, int.class);
            Object obj2 = constructor.newInstance("猪", "公", 3);
            System.out.println(obj2.toString());
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

控制台打印：
Animal{name=‘null’, sex=‘null’, age=0}
Animal{name=‘猪’, sex=‘公’, age=3}

三、利用反射调用方法

try {
            c4 = Class.forName("com.reflex.demo1.Animal");
            Animal obj3 = (Animal) c4.newInstance();
            obj3.setName("人");
            Method m1 = c4.getMethod("getName");
            Object o = m1.invoke(obj3);
            System.out.println(o);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

控制台打印：人

四、动态操作属性

        Object obj4= null;
        try {
            c4 = Class.forName("com.reflex.demo1.Animal");
            obj4 = c4.newInstance();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //获取公有属性
        Field[] fields1 = c4.getFields();
        for (Field field : fields1) {
            System.out.println("公有属性" + field.getName());
        }
        //获取私有属性
        Field[] fields2 = c4.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields2) {
            System.out.println("私有属性" + field.getName());
        }
        //给属性赋值
        fields2 = c4.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields2) {
            //System.out.println("私有属性" + field.getName());
            field.setAccessible(true);
            try {
                if(field.getType().equals(String.class)){
                    field.set(obj4,"123");
                }else if (field.getType().equals(int.class)) {
                    field.set(obj4,123);
                }
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println(obj4.toString());
        //调用get,set方法
        try {
            PropertyDescriptor p = new PropertyDescriptor("name", c4);
            Method mset = p.getWriteMethod();
            mset.invoke(obj4,"haha");
            Method mget = p.getReadMethod();
            System.out.println(mget.invoke(obj4));
        } catch (IntrospectionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //拼接
        String fname = "name";
        String mname = "get" + fname.substring(0,1).toUpperCase() + fname.substring(1);
        try {
            Method method = c4.getMethod(mname);
            System.out.println(method.invoke(obj4));
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

控制台打印：
私有属性name
私有属性sex
私有属性age
Animal{name=‘123’, sex=‘123’, age=123}
haha
haha

五、应用场景

1、JDBC连接数据库驱动类
2、工厂模式
3、Spring 框架IOC容器自动加载applicationContext.xml

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总结

浅学了一天反射的基础理解，还有很多疑惑和不懂的地方，再接再厉。