Spring Data Jpa基础以及基本查询

本文详细介绍SpringDataJPA的环境搭建、配置、实体类编写、DAO层接口定义及CRUD操作,通过具体示例展示了如何简化数据库操作,提高开发效率。
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1、简介

Spring Data Jpa是spring基于orm、Jpa规范的基础上的封装的一套JPA应用框架,可使开发者用及其简单的代码即可实现对数据库的操作,提高开发效率。

2、搭建环境

导入坐标
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.jpa</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringDataJpa</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
        <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
<!--        单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
<!--        spring-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
<!--        hibernate-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
<!--        c3p0-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
        </dependency>
<!--        log-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
<!--        mysql-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>
<!--        spring-data-jpa-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
<!--        el beg-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>
配置配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
       xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<!--    spring与spring data jpa 的配置-->
<!--    1、创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring管理-->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--            配置扫描实体类的包-->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.jpa.entity"/>
<!--        jpa的实现厂家-->
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"></bean>
        </property>
<!--        jpa的供应商适配器-->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!--                配置是否自动创建数据库表-->
                <property name="generateDdl" value="false"></property>
<!--                数据库类型-->
                <property name="database" value="MYSQL"></property>
<!--                数据库方言:支持的特有语法-->
                <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"></property>
<!--                是否显示sql-->
                <property name="showSql" value="true"></property>
            </bean>
        </property>
<!--        jpa的方言:高级的特性-->

        <property name="jpaDialect">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"></bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
<!--    2、数据库连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="user" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="111111"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///jpa"></property>
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
    </bean>
<!--    3、整合spring data jpa-->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.jpa.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
            entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories>
<!--    4、配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"></property>
    </bean>
<!--    5、声明事务-->       
<!--    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">-->
<!--        <tx:attributes>-->
<!--            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>-->
<!--            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>-->
<!--            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>-->
<!--            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>-->
<!--            <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>-->
<!--            <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>-->
<!--            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>-->
<!--        </tx:attributes>-->
<!--    </tx:advice>-->
<!--    6、配置aop-->                                                       
<!--    <aop:config>-->
<!--        <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.jpa.service.*.*(..))" />-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>-->
<!--    </aop:config>-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.jpa"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
编写实体类

省略get和set方法

@Entity
@Table(name = "t_customer")
public class Customer {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "cust_id")
    private int id;
    @Column(name = "cust_address")
    private String address;
    @Column(name = "cust_industry")
    private String industry;
    @Column(name = "cust_level")
    private String level;
    @Column(name = "cust_name")
    private String name;
    @Column(name = "cust_phone")
    private String phone;
    @Column(name = "cust_phone")
    private String source;
编写springdatajpa的dao层接口
  • 1、需要继承两个接口:JpaRepository、JpaSpecification。
  • 2、需要提供响应的泛型
    JpaRepository<T,ID>:其中T是指操作的实体类型,ID表示实体类中的主键属性,封装了基本的crud操作
    JpaSpecification:T指的是操作的实体类型,封装了复杂操作,例如分页操作
package com.jpa.dao;
import com.jpa.entity.Customer;
import com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.model.core.ID;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
}

3、增删改查

查询

按id查询

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class daoTest {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerDao customerDao;

    @Test
    public void testFindOne(){
        Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(2l);
        System.out.println(customer);
    }
}
添加和更新

保存或者更新,根据对象是否存在主键,如果有主键就更新,没有就保存。

@Test
public void testSave(){
    Customer customer = new Customer();
    customer.setName("aaa");
    customerDao.save(customer);
}

更新

@Test
public void testSave(){
   Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(2l);
   customer.setName("bb");
   customerDao.save(customer);
}
删除

根据id删除

@Test
public void testDelete(){
    customerDao.delete(2l);
}
查询所有
@Test
    public void testFindAll(){
        List<Customer> list = customerDao.findAll();
        for(Customer customer:list){
            System.out.println(customer);
        }
    }

4、内部执行过程总结

以findOne为例子
在这里插入图片描述

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