MySQL视图

# 视图

/*
含义：虚拟表，和普通表一样使用
是通过表动态生成的数据

重用sql语句
简化复杂的sql操作，不必知道它的查询细节
保护数据，提高安全性

	创建语法的关键字	是否实际占用物理空间	使用

视图	create view		没有			增删改查，一般不能增删改

表	create table		占有			增删改查

*/

# 案例：查询姓张的学生名和专业名
SELECT stuName,majorName
FROM stuinfo AS s
INNER JOIN major AS m
ON s.`major_id`=m.`id`;
WHERE s.`stuName` LIKE '张%';

# 视图封装
CREATE VIEW v1
AS
SELECT stuName,majorName
FROM stuinfo AS s
INNER JOIN major AS m
ON s.`major_id`=m.`id`;

# 视图使用
SELECT * FROM v1
WHERE stuName LIKE '张%';


# 一、创建视图

/*
语法：
create view 视图名
as
查询语句;
*/

USE myemployees;

# 案例1.查询邮箱中包含a字符的员工名、部门名和工种信息
# ①创建
CREATE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name,job_title
FROM employees AS e
JOIN departments AS d
ON e.department_id=d.department_id
JOIN jobs AS j
ON j.job_id=e.job_id;

# ②使用
SELECT * FROM myv1
WHERE last_name LIKE '%a%';

# 案例2.查询各部门的平均工资级别

# ①创建视图查看每个部门的平均工资
CREATE VIEW myv2
AS 
SELECT AVG(salary) AS ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

# ②使用
SELECT myv2.`ag`,g.grade_level
FROM myv2
JOIN job_grades AS g
ON myv2.`ag` BETWEEN g.`lowest_sal` AND g.`highest_sal`; 

# 案例3.查询平均工资最低的部门信息
SELECT * FROM myv2
ORDER BY ag
LIMIT 1;

# 案例4.查询平均工资最低的部门名和工资
CREATE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM myv2
GROUP BY ag
LIMIT 1;

SELECT d.*,m.`ag`
FROM myv3 AS m
JOIN departments AS d
ON m.department_id=d.`department_id`;

# 二、视图的修改
# 方式一：
/*
create or replace view 视图名
as
查询语句;

*/

SELECT * FROM myv3

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS 
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;

# 方式二：
/*
语法：
alter view 视图名
as
查询语句;
*/

ALTER VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM employees;

# 三、删除视图
/*
语法：
drop view 视图名1,视图名2,...;
*/

DROP VIEW myv1,myv2,myv3;

# 四、查看视图
DESC myv3

SHOW CREATE VIEW myv3;

# 五、视图的更新
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email
FROM employees;

SELECT * FROM myv1
# 1.插入
INSERT INTO myv1
VALUES('张飞','zf@qq.com');

# 2.修改
UPDATE myv1 SET last_name='张无忌' WHERE last_name='张飞';

# 3.删除
DELETE FROM myv1 WHERE last_name='张无忌';

/*
拥有以下类型的视图不能更新：
1.分组函数、distinct、group by、having、union或者union all
2.常量视图
3.select中包含子查询
4.join
5.from一个不能更新的视图
6.where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表

*/
# 测试
# ①
CREATE OR  REPLACE VIEW myv1 
AS
SELECT MAX(salary) AS m,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;

SELECT * FROM myv1;

# 更新
UPDATE myv1 SET m=9000 WHERE department_id=10;

# ②
CREATE OR  REPLACE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT 'john' NAME;

SELECT * FROM myv2;

# 更新
UPDATE myv2 SET NAME='lucy';

# ③
CREATE OR  REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT department_id,(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees) 最高工资
FROM departments;

# 更新
UPDATE myv3 SET 最高工资=100000;

# ④
CREATE OR  REPLACE VIEW myv4
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name
FROM 	employees AS e
JOIN departments AS d
ON e.department_id=d.department_id;

# 更新
SELECT * FROM myv4

UPDATE myv4 SET last_name='张飞' WHERE last_name='Whalen'; # 这种情况可以更新，不能插入
INSERT INTO myv4 VALUES('陈真','xxxx');

# ⑤
CREATE OR  REPLACE VIEW myv5
AS
SELECT * FROM myv3;

# 更新
SELECT * FROM myv5

UPDATE myv5 SET 最高工资=100000 WHERE department_id=60;

# ⑥
CREATE OR  REPLACE VIEW myv6
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN(
	SELECT manager_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
);

# 更新
SELECT * FROM myv6
UPDATE myv6 SET salary=100000 WHERE last_name='K_ing';