（学生管理系统）（+= -=不要用在三元运算中）（单例模式）

dic={'001':{'name':'张三','age':18,'num':'001'},
     '002':{'name':'张二','age':28,'num':'002'}}
class FileAction():
    @staticmethod
    def writeDate(dic):
        f=open('data.txt','w')
        for k,v in dic.items():
            for k1,v1 in v.items():
                f.write(k1+':'+str(v1))
                if k1=='num':
                    f.write('\n')
                else:
                    f.write(',')
        f.close()
    @staticmethod
    def readData():
        f=open('data.txt','r')
        line=f.readline()
        zd_wai={}
        while len(line)>0:
            items=line.strip().split(',')
            zd_nei={}
            for item in items:  # 这个循环，把 键：值 形式的数据分成 键和值。检查键是否是age，是就把值int化。检查键是否是num，
                s=item.split(':')
                if s[0]=='age':
                    zd_nei[s[0]]=int(s[1])
                else:
                    zd_nei[s[0]]=s[1]
                if s[0]=='num':        # 这两行在for里面和外面一个效果，因为 s[0]=='num'时，这个for循环也执行完了，zd_nei刚好成了一个完整的字典。
                    zd_wai[s[1]]=zd_nei # 这个字典里面，外层字典的key恰好和内层字典num的值一样，所以这样用
            line=f.readline()
        print(zd_wai)
        f.close()
# FileAction.writeDate(dic)
FileAction.readData()
#************************************************

dic={'001':{'name':'张三','age':18,'num':'001'},
     '002':{'name':'张二','age':28,'num':'002'}}
class FileAction():
    @staticmethod
    def writeDate(dic):
        f=open('data.txt','w')
        for k1,v1 in dic.items():
            for k2,v2 in v1.items():
                f.write(k2+':'+str(v2)) # 'age'的int值要转成str
                if k2=='num':  # 写入后检查，如果刚刚写的是num键值，就换行，不是就加逗号隔开键值对
                    f.write('\n')
                else:
                    f.write(',')
        f.close()
    @staticmethod
    def readData():
        f=open('data.txt','r')
        line=f.readline()
        zd_wai={}
        while len(line)>0:
            items=line.strip().split(',')
            zd_nei={}
            for item in items:
                item_buff=item.split(':')
                zd_nei[item_buff[0]]=int(item_buff[1]) if item_buff[0]=='age' else item_buff[1]
                # if item_buff[0]=='age':
                #     zd_nei[item_buff[0]]=int(item_buff[1])
                # else
                #     zd_nei[item_buff[0]]=item_buff[1]
                if item_buff[0]=='num':
                    zd_wai[item_buff[1]]=zd_nei
            line=f.readline()
        print(zd_wai)
        f.close()
FileAction.writeDate(dic)
FileAction.readData()
#**********************************************************

dic={'001':{'name':'张三','age':18,'num':'001'},
     '002':{'name':'张二','age':28,'num':'002'}}
class FileAction():
    @staticmethod
    def writeData(dic):
        f=open('data.txt','w')
        for k1,v1 in dic.items():
            for k2,v2 in v1.items():
                f.write(k2+':'+str(v2))
                if k2=='num':
                    f.write('\n')
                else:
                    f.write(',')
        f.close()
    @staticmethod
    def readData():
        f=open('data.txt','r')
        line=f.readline()
        zd_wai={}
        while len(line)>0:
            zd_nei={}
            items_buff=line.strip().split(',')
            for item_buff in items_buff:
                item=item_buff.split(':')
                zd_nei[item[0]]=int(item[1]) if item[0]=='age' else item[1]
                # if item[0]=='age':
                #     zd_nei[item[0]]=int(item[1])
                # else:
                #     zd_nei[item[0]]=item[1]
                if item[0]=='num':
                    zd_wai[item[1]]=zd_nei

            line=f.readline()

        print(zd_wai)
        f.close()
FileAction.writeData(dic)
FileAction.readData()
#****************把下面字典的内层字典，按照k:v 的形式写入data.txt，读取data.txt内容 并恢复、打印出dic。*******************************************

dic={'001':{'name':'张三','age':18,'num':'001'},
     '002':{'name':'张二','age':28,'num':'002'}}

class FileAction():
    @staticmethod
    def writeData(dic):
        f=open('data.txt','w')
        for k1,v1 in dic.items():
            for k2,v2 in v1.items():
                f.write(k2+':'+str(v2))
                f.write('\n') if k2=='num' else f.write(',')
        f.close()

    @staticmethod
    def readData():
        f=open('data.txt','r')
        line=f.readline()
        zd_wai={}
        while len(line)>0:
            zd_nei={}
            items_buff=line.strip().split(',')
            for item_buff in items_buff:
                item=item_buff.split(':')
                zd_nei[item[0]]=int(item[1]) if item[0]=='age' else item[1]
                if item[0]=='num':
                    zd_wai[item[1]]=zd_nei

            line=f.readline()
        print(zd_wai)
        f.close()

FileAction.writeData(dic)
FileAction.readData()
#***************************************************

dic={'001':{'name':'张三','age':18,'num':'001'},
     '002':{'name':'张二','age':28,'num':'002'}}
class FileAction():
    @staticmethod
    def writeData(dic):
        f=open('data.txt','w')
        for k1,v1 in dic.items():
            for k2,v2 in v1.items():
                f.write(k2+':'+str(v2))
                f.write('\n') if k2=='num' else f.write(',')

        f.close()

    @staticmethod
    def readData():
        f=open('data.txt','r')
        line=f.readline()
        zd_wai={}
        while len(line)>0:
            zd_nei={}
            items_buff=line.strip().split(',')
            for item_buff in items_buff:
                item=item_buff.split(':')
                zd_nei[item[0]]=int(item[1]) if item[0]=='age' else item[1]
                if item[0]=='num':
                    zd_wai[item[1]]=zd_nei
            line=f.readline()
        print(zd_wai)
        f.close()

FileAction.writeData(dic)
FileAction.readData()
#**********上面易错点：f.write写成print。写入txt的时候要str化。读出来放入字典时要int化的值。f.readline()少写f.****************************************************

a=7
a=a-3 if a>8 else 2 # a=((a-3) if a>8 else 2)
print(a)  # 2
a=7
a-=3 if a>8 else 2 # 不一定是右边这个判断情况a=a-（3 if a>8 else 2）
print(a)  # 5
#**********反正就是，-= +=在三元表达式中可能出歧义。所以不要用。*************************

class People():
    tax=0
    def __init__(self,name,age,work,salary):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.work=work
        self.salary=salary
        self.__energy=100
    def eat(self,money):
        self.__energy=self.__energy+10 if self.__energy<90 else 100
        self.salary-=money
    def working(self):
        People.tax+=self.salary*0.2
        self.__energy=self.__energy-30 if self.__energy>30 else 0
    def sleep(self):
        self.__energy=self.__energy+60 if self.__energy<40 else 100
    def say(self):
        print(self.name,self.age,self.__energy)
    def get_energy(self):
        return self.__energy
class Woman(People):
    def shopping(self,money):
        self.salary-=money
class Man(People):
    def say(self):
        super().say()
        print('笑话')
zhangsan=Man('张三',18,'开发',18)
zhangsan.say()
lisi=Woman('李四',19,'开发',8000)
lisi.shopping(9000)
lisi.say()
#*********下面是打印三角形星星***************************************

class Paint():
    def paintStar(self):
        for line in range(1,6):
            for j in range(5-line):
                print(' ',end='')
            for j in range(2*line-1):
                print('*',end='') if(line==5 or j==0 or j==2*line-2) else print(' ',end='')
            print()
p=Paint()
p.paintStar()
#*********下面是一个学生信息管理系统。把字典写入文件，从文件读出字典。对文件中字典进行增删改查**************************************************

a={  '001':{'name':'张三','age':18,'address':'北京'},
    '002':{'name':'张二','age':28,'address':'上海'},
    '003':{'name':'张大','age':38,'address':'北京'},
    '004':{'name':'张四','age':28,'address':'上海'},
    '005':{'name':'张六','age':38,'address':'北京'}
}
class StudentAdmin():
    @staticmethod
    def writeData():
        f=open('StudentAdmin.txt','w')
        f.write(str(a))
        f.close()
    @staticmethod
    def readData():
        f=open('StudentAdmin.txt','r')
        content=f.read()
        print(eval(content))
        f.close()
        return eval(content)
StudentAdmin.writeData()
a=StudentAdmin.readData( )
while True:
    caozuo=int(input("请输入操作编号："))
    if caozuo==1:
        print("增")
        xh=input('增加学号：')
        if xh in a.keys():
            print('该学号已存在')
            continue
        else:
            zd={}
            zd['name']=input('姓名')
            zd['age']=int(input('年龄'))
            zd['address']=input('地址')
            a[xh]=zd
            print(a)
    elif caozuo==2:
        print('删')
        xh=input("要删除的学号是")
        if xh in a.keys():
            del a[xh]
            print(a)
        else:
            print('改学号不存在')
            continue
    elif caozuo==3:
        print('改')
        xh=input('请输入要改的学号')
        if xh in a.keys():
            a[xh]['name']=input('姓名')
            a[xh]['age']=int(input('年龄'))
            a[xh]['address']=input('地址')
            print(a)
        else:
            print('查无此人')
            continue
    elif caozuo==4:
        print('查')
        xh=input('要查的学号是')
        if xh in a.keys():
            print(xh,':',a[xh])
        else:
            print('查无此人')
    elif caozuo==0:
        print('关机')
        StudentAdmin.writeData()
        exit(0)
    else:
        print("输入错误，请重新输入")
        continue






class Num():
    def __init__(self,n):
        self.n=n
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        result=self.n
        for a in args:
            result *= a
        for k,v in kwargs.items():
            result+=v
        return result
a=Num(5)
b=Num(2)

c=a(1,2,3,age=4,shengao=5)
print(c)


class Car():
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): # 制造一个新对象，生产一辆车
        if not hasattr(Car,'inst'):
            Car.inst = object.__new__(Car)# 建立一个Car对象。给inst属性。
        return Car.inst # python中所有类都在object类中
    def __init__(self,name,cid):
        print('你好')
        self.name=name
        self.cid=cid
# bmw=Car('宝马','京A66666')
a=Car('宝马','京A66666')
b=Car('奔驰','京B12345')
print(Car.inst)
# print(a is b)
# print(a.name,a.cid)
# print(b.name,b.cid)
print(a)
print(b)
# 单例模式，这个类只有一个对象。


class A():
    count=0
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
        A.count+=1
        print('初始化',self.name,'计数是',A.count)
    def __del__(self):
        A.count-=1
        print('删除',self.name,'还剩%d个'%A.count)
zs=A('张三')
ls=A('李四')

del zs #注释掉这两行，输出结果一样。那么哪些“__abcd__”是在创建实例时就默认要进入的，哪些不进？在下一个程序探索
del ls
#*************************************************
"""
class A():
    count=0
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
        A.count+=1
        print('初始化',self.name,'计数是',A.count)
    def __del__(self):
        A.count-=1
        print('删除',self.name,'还剩%d个'%A.count)
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        print("进入__new__")
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print("进入__call__")
    def __add__(self, other):
        print('进入__add__')
    def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('进入__aexit__')
    def __prepare__(metacls, name, bases):
        print('进入__prepare__')

zs=A('张三')
ls=A('李四')
#************下面一个，是用 __new__方法 实现 单例模式。使Car这个类只有一个对象，也就是说，创建多个对象，都是一个对象，内存值一样。*************************************************
#
class Car():
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if not hasattr(Car,'inst'):
            Car.inst=object.__new__(Car)
        return  Car.inst
    def __init__(self,name,cid):
        print('你好')
        self.name=name
        self.carid=cid
a=Car('宝马','京A66666')
b=Car('奔驰','京B12345')
print(a is b)

print(a.name,a.carid)
print(b.name,b.carid)
print(a)
print(b)
#
# class Car():
#     def
#
# import time
# a=[1,2,3,4,5]
# while True:
#     time.sleep(2)
#     t=a[0]
#     for j in range(len(a)-1):
#         a[j]=a[j+1]
#     a[len(a)-1]=t
#     print(a)