【深度学习】tensorflow实现简单神经网络

流程

• 1.获取数据
  • from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
  • mnist = input_data.read_data_sets(FLAGS.data_dir, one_hot=True)
• 2.全链接,tf.matmul(a, b,name=None)+bias
• 3.SoftMax计算、交叉熵
• 4.平均损失值计算(tf.reduce_mean(input_tensor))
• 5.反向传播-梯度下降优化拟合度
  • tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate)
  • learning_rate:迭代率
  • minimize(loss):最小化损失
• 6.计算准确度
  • equal_list = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y, 1), tf.argmax(y_label, 1))
  • accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(equal_list, tf.float32))

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

from tensorflow.contrib.slim.python.slim.nets.inception_v3 import inception_v3_base


FLAGS = tf.app.flags.FLAGS

tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer("is_train", 1, "指定程序是预测还是训练")


def full_connected():

    # 获取真实的数据
    mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("./data/mnist/input_data/", one_hot=True)

    # 1、建立数据的占位符 x [None, 784]    y_true [None, 10]
    with tf.variable_scope("data"):
        x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])

        y_true = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [None, 10])

    # 2、建立一个全连接层的神经网络 w [784, 10]   b [10]
    with tf.variable_scope("fc_model"):
        # 随机初始化权重和偏置
        weight = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([784, 10], mean=0.0, stddev=1.0), name="w")

        bias = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[10]))

        # 预测None个样本的输出结果matrix [None, 784]* [784, 10] + [10] = [None, 10]
        y_predict = tf.matmul(x, weight) + bias

    # 3、求出所有样本的损失，然后求平均值
    with tf.variable_scope("soft_cross"):

        # 求平均交叉熵损失
        loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y_true, logits=y_predict))

    # 4、梯度下降求出损失
    with tf.variable_scope("optimizer"):

        train_op = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.1).minimize(loss)

    # 5、计算准确率
    with tf.variable_scope("acc"):

        equal_list = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_true, 1), tf.argmax(y_predict, 1))

        # equal_list  None个样本   [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1,..........]
        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(equal_list, tf.float32))

    # 收集变量 单个数字值收集
    tf.summary.scalar("losses", loss)
    tf.summary.scalar("acc", accuracy)

    # 高纬度变量收集
    tf.summary.histogram("weightes", weight)
    tf.summary.histogram("biases", bias)

    # 定义一个初始化变量的op
    init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()

    # 定义一个合并变量de op
    merged = tf.summary.merge_all()

    # 创建一个saver
    saver = tf.train.Saver()

    # 开启会话去训练
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        # 初始化变量
        sess.run(init_op)

        # 建立events文件，然后写入
        filewriter = tf.summary.FileWriter("./tmp/summary/test/", graph=sess.graph)

        if FLAGS.is_train == 1:

            # 迭代步数去训练，更新参数预测
            for i in range(2000):

                # 取出真实存在的特征值和目标值
                mnist_x, mnist_y = mnist.train.next_batch(50)

                # 运行train_op训练
                sess.run(train_op, feed_dict={x: mnist_x, y_true: mnist_y})

                # 写入每步训练的值
                summary = sess.run(merged, feed_dict={x: mnist_x, y_true: mnist_y})

                filewriter.add_summary(summary, i)

                print("训练第%d步,准确率为:%f" % (i, sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: mnist_x, y_true: mnist_y})))

            # 保存模型
            saver.save(sess, "./tmp/ckpt/fc_model")
        else:
            # 加载模型
            saver.restore(sess, "./tmp/ckpt/fc_model")

            # 如果是0，做出预测
            for i in range(100):

                # 每次测试一张图片 [0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0]
                x_test, y_test = mnist.test.next_batch(1)

                print("第%d张图片，手写数字图片目标是:%d, 预测结果是:%d" % (
                    i,
                    tf.argmax(y_test, 1).eval(),
                    tf.argmax(sess.run(y_predict, feed_dict={x: x_test, y_true: y_test}), 1).eval()
                ))
    return None