【python基础】python 中with关键字的使用

# try:
#     file = open('test.txt', 'r')
# finally:
#     file.close()

# 使用with关键字操作文件的时候，可以不用再考虑文件的关闭问题，会自动关闭文件
# with ... as ... 把with后面的语句执行的结果赋值给as后面的变量
with open('test.txt', 'r') as file:
    print(file.read())

try:
    # with语句后面的对象，必须要有 __enter__ 和 __exit__魔法方法
    with open('xxx.txt', 'r') as file:
        print(file.read())
except FileNotFoundError as e:
    print(e)

自定义上下文管理器，定义 enter 和 __exit__魔法方法

import time


def create_context(name, age):
    return MyContext(name, age)


class MyContext(object):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print("exc_type = {},exc_val = {},exc_tb = {}".format(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb))

    def test(self):
        print('name={}'.format(self.name))
        1 / 0


with create_context('zhangsan', 18) as m:
    m.test()