java 多线程

创建方式

方式一:继承Thread类,重写run方法,调用start方法开启线程

package com.yyb.demo1;

//线程开启不一定立即执行 由cpu调度
public class TestThread1 extends Thread {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();
        //run方法线程体
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread1 testThread1=new TestThread1();
        testThread1.start();  //和主线程同时执行
      
        //主线程
         System.out.println("我再学习多线程"+i);
    }
}

方式二:实现Runable接口

package com.yyb.demo1;

public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("执行了run方法");
        //run方法线程体
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread3 testThread1=new TestThread3();
        Thread thread=new Thread(testThread1);
        thread.start();

        //主线程
        System.out.println("我再学习多线程"+i);  
    }
}

方式三:实现callable接口 (callable可以定义返回值,如下以下载图片为例)

package com.yyb.demo2;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

/**
 * callable可以定义返回值
 * 可以抛出异常
 */
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {

    @Override
    public Boolean call() {
        WebDowloader webDowloader=new WebDowloader();
        webDowloader.dowloader(url,name);
        return true;   //返回值设为true
    }

    private String url;
    private String name;

    public TestCallable(String url,String name){
        this.name=name;
        this.url=url;
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        TestCallable t1=new TestCallable("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fa2.att.hudong.com%2F27%2F81%2F01200000194677136358818023076.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fa2.att.hudong.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1613376811&t=3302b442424575e914e7cd00767dd6bf","1.jpg");
        TestCallable t2=new TestCallable("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fa2.att.hudong.com%2F27%2F81%2F01200000194677136358818023076.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fa2.att.hudong.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1613376811&t=3302b442424575e914e7cd00767dd6bf","2.jpg");
        TestCallable t3=new TestCallable("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fa2.att.hudong.com%2F27%2F81%2F01200000194677136358818023076.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fa2.att.hudong.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1613376811&t=3302b442424575e914e7cd00767dd6bf","3.jpg");

        //创建执行服务
        ExecutorService service= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);   //设置线程池为3

		/**
		实现线程池也可以实现runable接口  也可以定义返回值
		使用 service.execute(new MyTheard());方式实现
		*/
        //提交执行       
        Future<Boolean> r1=service.submit(t1);
        Future<Boolean> r2=service.submit(t2);
        Future<Boolean> r3=service.submit(t3);
        //获取结果
        boolean re1=r1.get();
        boolean re2=r2.get();
        boolean re3=r3.get();
        //关闭服务
        service.shutdown();
    }
}


class WebDowloader{
    public void dowloader(String url,String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));  //下载网络图片并重命名
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("下载器出现异常");
        }
    }
}

线程安全问题

方式一:synchronized

  1. 使用方法一:
  private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        //判断是否有票
        if(ticket<=0){
            flag=false;
            return;
        }
        //模拟延时
        Thread.sleep(100);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticket--);
    }
  1. 使用方法二
synchronized (acount){
            if(acount.money-drawingmoney<0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"没钱了");
                return;
            }

            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //卡内余额
            acount.money=acount.money-drawingmoney;

            //你手里的钱
            nowmoney=nowmoney+drawingmoney;
            System.out.println(acount.name+"余额为"+acount.money);
            System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+acount.money);
        }
  1. 使用线程安全的一些类
package com.yyb.demo4;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

public class TestJUC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list=new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();   //这个类本身是线程安全的
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

死锁问题

1.使用synchronized结局

package com.yyb.demo5;

//死锁
public class ReadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MakeUp g1=new MakeUp(0,"灰姑凉");
        MakeUp g2=new MakeUp(1,"白雪公主");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}

//口红
class Lisptick{

}

//镜子
class Mirror{

}

class MakeUp extends Thread {

    static Lisptick lisptick=new Lisptick();
    static Mirror mirror=new Mirror();

    int choice;
    String girlName;

    MakeUp(int choice,String girlName){
        this.choice=choice;
        this.girlName=girlName;

    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
     //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //化妆 互相持有对方的锁
    private  void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if(choice==0){
            synchronized (lisptick){ //获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
            synchronized (mirror){
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子");
            }
        }else {
            synchronized (mirror){ //获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
            synchronized (lisptick){
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红");
            }
        }
    }
}

2.使用lock (买票问题)

package com.yyb.demo5;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

//测试lock锁
public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }

}


class TestLock2 implements Runnable {
    private int ticketNum = 10;
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                lock.lock();  //加锁
                if (ticketNum > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNum--);
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();  //解锁
            }
        }
    }
}

两大实例

1.管程法(生产者消费者问题)

package com.yyb.demo6;

//生产者消费者
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer container = new SynContainer();

        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();
    }
}

//生产者
class Productor extends Thread {
    SynContainer container;

    public Productor(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了" + i + "只鸡");
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread {
    SynContainer container;

    public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    //消费

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了" + container.pop().id + "只鸡");
        }
    }
}

//产品
class Chicken {
    int id;

    Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer {
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    private int count = 0;

    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken) {
        //如果容器满了就需要等待消费
        if (count == chickens.length) {
            //通知消费
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        chickens[count] = chicken;
        count++;

        //可以通知消费者消费了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    public synchronized Chicken pop() {
        if (count == 0) {
            //等待生产
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }
}

2.信号灯(演员观众问题)

package com.yyb.demo6;

//信号灯方法
public class TestPC2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//生产者  演员
class Player extends Thread {
    TV tv;

    public Player(TV tv) {
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if (i % 2 == 0) {
                this.tv.play("快乐大本营");
            } else {
                this.tv.play("抖音");
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者  观众
class Watcher extends Thread {
    TV tv;

    public Watcher(TV tv) {
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            this.tv.watch();
        }
    }
}

//产品  节目
class TV {
    //演员表演观众等待
    //观众观看演员等待
    String voice;
    boolean flag = true;

    //表演
    public synchronized void play(String voice) {
        if (!flag) {
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("演员表演" + voice);
        this.notifyAll();//唤醒
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }

    //观看
    public synchronized void watch() {
        if (flag) {
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观众观看" + voice);

        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
}

学习来源:https://kuangstudy.com/

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