Django2学习笔记--文章评论功能

django文章评论功能
个人学习笔记，内容不作为各位学习参考
可以自己写，可以调用django自带的评论库写，不用重复造轮子，后面改上去
1、登录验证
为了防止恶意评论，必须是用户才能评论，做个登录功能，如图

在views.py下做账号密码验证

from django.contrib import auth
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect

# 登录
def login(request):
    username = request.POST.get('username', '')
    password = request.POST.get('password', '')
    user = auth.authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
    referer = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', reverse('home'))  # 记录点击登录的网页，登录后还是在当前页面
    if user is not None:
        auth.login(request, user)
        # 密码验证通过，返回登录的页面
        return redirect(referer)
    else:
        # 密码验证失败，返回错误页面
        return render(request, 'error.html', {'message': '用户名或密码不正确'})

2、新建一个comment应用记录评论数据，这样既可在前端调用
在comment下的views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.urls import reverse
from .models import Comment

def update_comment(request):
    # 记录是那个页面的评论
    referer = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', reverse('home'))
    # 获取用户和评论
    user = request.user
    if user == '':
        return render(request, 'error.html', {'message': '用户未登录', 'redirect_to': referer})
    text = request.POST.get('text', '').strip()
    if text == '':
        return render(request, 'error.html', {'message': '评论内容为空', 'redirect_to': referer})
    try:
        # 获取对应的博客
        content_type = request.POST.get('content_type', '')
        object_id = int(request.POST.get('object_id', ''))
        model_class = ContentType.objects.get(model=content_type).model_class()
        model_obj = model_class.objects.get(pk=object_id)
    except Exception as e:
        return render(request, 'error.html', {'message': '评论对象不存在', 'redirect_to': referer})

    # 存入评论
    comment = Comment()
    comment.user = user
    comment.text = text
    comment.content_object = model_obj
    comment.save()

    return redirect(referer)

评论上传路由，urls.py

from django.urls import path
from.import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('update_comment', views.update_comment, name='update_comment')
]

models.py

from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Comment(models.Model):
    content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
    content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')

    text = models.TextField()
    comment_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['-comment_time']

admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Comment
# Register your models here.

@admin.register(Comment)
class CommentAadmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('content_object', 'text', 'comment_time', 'user')

3、在主应用下的views.py，调用Comment内的评论

def detail(request,blog_pk):
    words = get_object_or_404(Blog, pk=blog_pk)
    read_cookie_key = read_coutn_once_read(request, words)
    blog_content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(words)
    comments = Comment.objects.filter(content_type=blog_content_type, object_id=words.pk)


    context = {}
    # 上下篇 #
    context['previous_blog'] = Blog.objects.filter(created_time__gt=words.created_time).last()
    context['next_blog'] = Blog.objects.filter(created_time__lt=words.created_time).first()
    # 正文 #
    context['words_obj'] = words
    # 评论 #
    context['comments'] = comments
    # cookies 响应 #
    response = render(request, 'blog/detail.html', context)
    response.set_cookie(read_cookie_key, 'true')  # 是否阅读过标记
    return response

4、前端，在templates文件夹下，error.html

{{ message }} <a href="{{ redirect_to }}">返回</a>

detail.html

	{# 评论 #}
	<div class="row">
		<div class="col-md-2"></div>
		<div class="col-md-6">
			<hr>
			<div class="comment-area">
				<h3>提交评论</h3>
				<hr>
				{% if user.is_authenticated %}
					{{ user.username }}，欢迎评论
					<form action="{% url 'update_comment' %}" method="POST">
						{% csrf_token %} {# CSRF验证 #}
						<textarea id="comment_text" name="text" style="margin: 0px; width: 743px; height: 140px;"></textarea>
						<input type="hidden" name="object_id" value="{{ words_obj.pk }}">
						<input type="hidden" name="content_type" value="blog">
						<input type="submit" value="评论">
					</form>
				{% else %}
					未登录，登录后方可评论
					<form action="{% url 'login' %}" method="POST">
						{% csrf_token %} 
						<input type="text" name="username">
						<input type="password" name="password">
						<input type="submit" name="登录">
					</form>
				{% endif %}
			</div>
			<hr>
			<div class="comment-area">
				<h3>评论列表</h3>
				<hr>
				{% for comment in comments %}
					<div>
						{{ comment.user.username }}
						({{ comment.comment_time|date:"Y-m-d H:n:s" }}):
						{{ comment.text }}
					</div>
				{% empty %}
					暂无评论
				{% endfor %}
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>