c++使用SMTP发送邮件

C++使用SMTP发送邮件

• Ubuntu18.04
• g++ 4.1 （没有使用到C++11）
  在大佬原有的技术上进行修改

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34049914/article/details/113195507

smtp.h文件

#ifndef __SMTP_H__
#define __SMTP_H__

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
#include <sys/fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

const int MAX_EMAIL_MESSAGE_LEN = 4096;

static const char base64Char[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";

char* base64Encode(char const* origStr, unsigned int origLength);
char* base64Decode(char const* origStr, unsigned int* resLength);

class Smtp
{
public:
	Smtp();
	Smtp(
		int port,
		string srvDomain,	//smtp服务器域名
		string userName,	//用户名
		string password,	//密码
		string targetEmail, //目的邮件地址
		string emailTitle,	//主题
		string content	//内容
	);
	~Smtp();

	void setSrvDomain(string& strDomain) { this->_domain = strDomain; }
	void setUserName(string& strUser) { this->_user = strUser; }
	void setPass(string& strPass) { this->_password = strPass; }
	void setEmailTitle(string& strTitle) { this->_title = strTitle; }
	void setContent(string& strContent) { this->_content = strContent; }
	void setPort(int nPort) { this->_port = nPort; }

	void addTargetEmail(string targetEmail);
	void addAccessory(string fileName);
	int sendEmail();

private:
	int _port;
	string _domain;
	string _user;
	string _password;
	vector<string> _targetAddrs;
	string _title;
	//邮件正文
	string _content;
	//附件文件名包含路径
	vector<string> _accessories;
	char _buff[MAX_EMAIL_MESSAGE_LEN + 1];
	int _buffLen;
	int _sockClient;

	bool _createConn();
	bool _send(string& strMessage);
	bool _recv();
	void _formatEmailHead(string& strEmail);
	int _login();
	bool _sendEmailHead();
	bool _sendTextBody();
	bool _sendAccessory(const char* fileName);
	bool _sendEnd();
};

#endif // !__SMTP_H__

smtp.cpp代码

#include "smtp.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;

char* base64Encode(char const* origStr, unsigned int origLength)
{
	unsigned char const* orig = (unsigned char const*)origStr; // in case any input bytes have the MSB set
	if (orig == NULL)
		return NULL;

	unsigned const numOrig24BitValues = origLength / 3;
	bool havePadding = origLength > numOrig24BitValues * 3;
	bool havePadding2 = origLength == numOrig24BitValues * 3 + 2;
	unsigned const numResultBytes = 4 * (numOrig24BitValues + havePadding);
	char* result = new char[numResultBytes + 3]; // allow for trailing '/0'

	unsigned i;
	for (i = 0; i < numOrig24BitValues; ++i)
	{
		result[4 * i + 0] = base64Char[(orig[3 * i] >> 2) & 0x3F];
		result[4 * i + 1] = base64Char[(((orig[3 * i] & 0x3) << 4) | (orig[3 * i + 1] >> 4)) & 0x3F];
		result[4 * i + 2] = base64Char[((orig[3 * i + 1] << 2) | (orig[3 * i + 2] >> 6)) & 0x3F];
		result[4 * i + 3] = base64Char[orig[3 * i + 2] & 0x3F];
	}

	if (havePadding)
	{
		result[4 * i + 0] = base64Char[(orig[3 * i] >> 2) & 0x3F];
		if (havePadding2)
		{
			result[4 * i + 1] = base64Char[(((orig[3 * i] & 0x3) << 4) | (orig[3 * i + 1] >> 4)) & 0x3F];
			result[4 * i + 2] = base64Char[(orig[3 * i + 1] << 2) & 0x3F];
		}
		else
		{
			result[4 * i + 1] = base64Char[((orig[3 * i] & 0x3) << 4) & 0x3F];
			result[4 * i + 2] = '=';
		}
		result[4 * i + 3] = '=';
	}

	result[numResultBytes] = '\0';
	return result;
}

char* base64Decode(const char* origStr, unsigned int* resLength)
{
	//根据base64表，以字符找到对应的十进制数据
	int table[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
			   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
			   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
			   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 62, 0, 0, 0,
			   63, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
			   59, 60, 61, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
			   1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
			   13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
			   22, 23, 24, 25, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26,
			   27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
			   36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
			   45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 };

	int len;     //编码后的长度
	int str_len; //解码后的长度
	char* res;   //解码后的字符串
	int i, j;

	//计算解码后的字符串长度
	len = strlen((char*)origStr);
	//判断编码后的字符串后是否有=
	if (strstr((char*)origStr, "=="))
		str_len = len / 4 * 3 - 2;
	else if (strstr((char*)origStr, "="))
		str_len = len / 4 * 3 - 1;
	else
		str_len = len / 4 * 3;

	if (NULL != resLength)
	{
		*resLength = str_len;
	}

	res = (char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * str_len + 1);
	res[str_len] = '\0';

	//以4个字符为一位进行解码
	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < len - 2; j += 3, i += 4)
	{
		res[j] = ((unsigned char)table[origStr[i]]) << 2 | (((unsigned char)table[origStr[i + 1]]) >> 4);	    //取出第一个字符对应base64表的十进制数的前6位与第二个字符对应base64表的十进制数的后2位进行组合
		res[j + 1] = (((unsigned char)table[origStr[i + 1]]) << 4) | (((unsigned char)table[origStr[i + 2]]) >> 2); //取出第二个字符对应base64表的十进制数的后4位与第三个字符对应bas464表的十进制数的后4位进行组合
		res[j + 2] = (((unsigned char)table[origStr[i + 2]]) << 6) | ((unsigned char)table[origStr[i + 3]]);	    //取出第三个字符对应base64表的十进制数的后2位与第4个字符进行组合
	}

	return res;
}

Smtp::Smtp()
{
	this->_content = "";
	this->_port = 25;
	this->_user = "";
	this->_password = "";
	this->_title = "";
	this->_domain = "";

#ifdef _MSC_VER
	WORD wVersionRequested;
	WSADATA wsaData;
	int err;
	wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 1);
	err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
#endif
	this->_sockClient = 0;
}

Smtp::~Smtp()
{
#ifdef _MSC_VER
	closesocket(sockClient);
	WSACleanup();
#else
	close(_sockClient);
#endif
}

Smtp::Smtp(
	int port,
	string srvDomain,
	string userName,
	string password,
	string targetEmail,
	string emailTitle,
	string content)
{
	this->_content = content;
	this->_port = port;
	this->_user = userName;
	this->_password = password;
	this->_targetAddrs.push_back(targetEmail);
	this->_title = emailTitle;
	this->_domain = srvDomain;

#ifdef _MSC_VER
	WORD wVersionRequested;
	WSADATA wsaData;
	int err;
	wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 1);
	err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
#endif
	this->_sockClient = 0;
}

bool Smtp::_createConn()
{
	int skClientTemp = (int)socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	sockaddr_in saddr;
	hostent* pHostent;
	pHostent = gethostbyname(_domain.c_str());

	saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = *((unsigned long*)pHostent->h_addr_list[0]);
	saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	saddr.sin_port = htons(_port);
	int err = connect(skClientTemp, (sockaddr*)&saddr, sizeof(saddr));
	if (err != 0)
		return false;
	this->_sockClient = (int)skClientTemp;
	if (false == _recv())
		return false;
	return true;
}

bool Smtp::_send(string& strMessage)
{
	int err = (int)send(_sockClient, strMessage.c_str(), (int)strMessage.length(), 0);

	if (err < 0)
	{
		return false;
	}
	// cout << strMessage.c_str() << endl;
	return true;
}

bool Smtp::_recv()
{
	memset(_buff, 0, sizeof(char) * (MAX_EMAIL_MESSAGE_LEN + 1));
	int err = recv(_sockClient, _buff, MAX_EMAIL_MESSAGE_LEN, 0);
	if (err < 0)
	{
		return false;
	}
	_buff[err] = '\0';
	cout << _buff << endl;
	return true;
}

int Smtp::_login()
{
	string sendBuff;
	sendBuff = "HELO ";
	int pos = (int)_user.find('@', 0);		
	sendBuff += _user.substr(0, pos);
	sendBuff += "\r\n";

	if (false == _send(sendBuff) || false == _recv())
		return 1;

	sendBuff.empty();
	sendBuff = "AUTH LOGIN\r\n";
	if (false == _send(sendBuff) || false == _recv())
		return 1;

	sendBuff.empty();
	//int pos = (int)_user.find('@', 0);	//这两行分割用户名称，抛弃@之后内容
	//sendBuff = _user.substr(0, pos);
	sendBuff = _user.c_str();				//由于腾讯企业邮箱用户名必须添加 @xxx.com
	char* ecode;

	ecode = base64Encode(sendBuff.c_str(), (unsigned int)strlen(sendBuff.c_str()));
	sendBuff.empty();
	sendBuff = ecode;
	sendBuff += "\r\n";
	delete[] ecode;

	if (false == _send(sendBuff) || false == _recv())
		return 1;

	sendBuff.empty();
	ecode = base64Encode(_password.c_str(), (unsigned int)strlen(_password.c_str()));
	sendBuff = ecode;
	sendBuff += "\r\n";
	delete[] ecode;

	if (false == _send(sendBuff) || false == _recv())
		return 1;

	if (NULL != strstr(_buff, "550"))
		return 2;

	if (NULL != strstr(_buff, "535"))
		return 3;
	return 0;
}

bool Smtp::_sendEmailHead()
{
	string sendBuff;
	sendBuff = "MAIL FROM: <" + _user + ">\r\n";
	if (false == _send(sendBuff) || false == _recv())
		return false;

	sendBuff.empty();

	for (vector<string>::iterator targetAddr =  _targetAddrs.begin(); targetAddr < _targetAddrs.end(); targetAddr++)
	{
		sendBuff = "RCPT TO: <" + *targetAddr + ">\r\n";
		if (false == _send(sendBuff) || false == _recv())
			return false;
	}

	sendBuff.empty();
	sendBuff = "DATA\r\n";
	if (false == _send(sendBuff) || false == _recv())
		return false;

	sendBuff.empty();
	_formatEmailHead(sendBuff);
	if (false == _send(sendBuff))
		return false;

	return true;
}

void Smtp::_formatEmailHead(string& strEmail)
{
	strEmail = "From: ";
	strEmail += _user;
	strEmail += "\r\n";

	strEmail += "To: ";
	if (this->_targetAddrs.size() == 1)
	{
		strEmail += _targetAddrs[0];
	}
	else
	{
		strEmail += "multi-users";
	}
	strEmail += "\r\n";

	strEmail += "Subject: ";
	strEmail += _title;
	strEmail += "\r\n";

	strEmail += "MIME-Version: 1.0";
	strEmail += "\r\n";

	strEmail += "Content-Type: multipart/mixed;boundary=\"qwertyuiop\"";
	strEmail += "\r\n";
	strEmail += "\r\n";
}

bool Smtp::_sendTextBody()
{
	string sendBuff;
	sendBuff = "--qwertyuiop\r\n";
	sendBuff += "Content-Type: text/plain;";
	sendBuff += "charset=\"utf8\"\r\n\r\n";
	sendBuff += _content;
	sendBuff += "\r\n\r\n";
	return _send(sendBuff);
}

bool Smtp::_sendAccessory(const char* fileName)
{
	//文件的大小
	int fileSize;
	//fileName中包含路径名，name中只有文件名
	string name;
	//打开文件
	FILE* fp = fopen(fileName, "r");
	if (fp == NULL)
		return false;

	//获取linux系统下文件大小
	struct stat statbuf;
	stat(fileName, &statbuf);
	fileSize = statbuf.st_size;

	//linux下获取系统文件名
	name = strrchr(fileName, (int)'/') + 1;


	string sendBuff;
	sendBuff = "--qwertyuiop\r\n";
	// sendBuff += "Content-Type: application/octet-stream;\r\n";
	sendBuff += "Content-Type: image/jpeg;\r\n";
	sendBuff += "name=\"";
	sendBuff += name;
	sendBuff += "\"\r\n";
	sendBuff += "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64\r\n";
	sendBuff += "fileName=\"";
	sendBuff += name;
	sendBuff += "\"\r\n\r\n";

	char* fileContent = (char*)malloc(fileSize);
	fread(fileContent, 1, fileSize, fp);
	char* encode;
	encode = base64Encode(fileContent, fileSize);
	free(fileContent);

	sendBuff += encode;

	delete[] encode;
	//将读入的字符转换为base64编码

	sendBuff += "\r\n\r\n";

	return _send(sendBuff);
}

bool Smtp::_sendEnd()
{
	string sendBuff;
	sendBuff = "--qwertyuiop--";
	sendBuff += "\r\n.\r\n";
	if (false == _send(sendBuff) || false == _recv())
	{
		return false;
	}
	cout << _buff << endl;
	sendBuff.empty();
	sendBuff = "QUIT\r\n";
	return (_send(sendBuff) && _recv());
}

void Smtp::addTargetEmail(string targetEmail)
{
	this->_targetAddrs.push_back(targetEmail);
}

void Smtp::addAccessory(string fileName)
{
	this->_accessories.push_back(fileName);
}

int Smtp::sendEmail()
{
	if (false == _createConn())
		return 1;
	int err = _login();
	if (err != 0)
		return err;
	if (false == _sendEmailHead())
		return 1;
	if (false == _sendTextBody())
		return 1;
	for (vector<string>::iterator fileName = this->_accessories.begin(); fileName < this->_accessories.end(); fileName++)
	{
		string it = *fileName;
		if (false == _sendAccessory(it.c_str()))
			return 1;
	}

	if (false == _sendEnd())
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

main.cpp测试

#include "smtp.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
   Smtp smtp(
       25,                                                                    /*smtp端口*/
       "smtp.163.com",                                                        /*smtp服务器地址*/
       "yourEmailAddress@163.com",                                                 /*你的邮箱地址*/
       "password",                                                           /*邮箱密码*/
       "target@163.com",                                              		/*目的邮箱地址*/
       "这是邮件标题",                                                              /*主题*/
       "这是邮件正文." 														/*邮件正文*/
   );

    //添加第二个收件人
   smtp.addTargetEmail("wsad@qq.com");
   smtp.addAccessory("/home/bins/1.png");
   smtp.addAccessory("/home/bins/2.png");
   smtp.addAccessory("/home/bins/3.png");
   smtp.addAccessory("/home/bins/4.png");
   smtp.addAccessory("/home/bins/5.png");

   int err;
   if ((err = smtp.sendEmail()) != 0)
   {
      if (err == 1)
         cout << "错误1: 由于网络不畅通，发送失败!" << endl;
      if (err == 2)
         cout << "错误2: 用户名错误,请核对!" << endl;
      if (err == 3)
         cout << "错误3: 用户密码错误，请核对!" << endl;
      if (err == 4)
         cout << "错误4: 请检查附件目录是否正确，以及文件是否存在!" << endl;
   }
   return 0;
}

编译：

g++  main.cpp smtp.cpp -o main

腾讯企业邮箱报错535问题

1. 没有打开SMTP服务
2. 上传用户名要包括 邮箱的域名 如 aaa@xxx.com , 只传 aaa， 也会出 535 错误。（这个问题很容易忽略）

QQ邮箱和网易邮箱进行测试用户名不用添加@qq.com、@163.com；可以在smtp.cpp中的214行解除掉注释；（意义不大）

注意：腾讯企业邮箱可以使用密码也可以使用客户端专用密码进行邮件发送

其他邮箱报错 501 HELO requires valid address

在对邮箱服务器进行第一次连接时使用"HELO 123456@xxx.com"，取消@后边的xxx.com再进行发送。

	string sendBuff;
	sendBuff = "HELO ";
	int pos = (int)_user.find('@', 0);
	sendBuff += _user.substr(0, pos);
	sendBuff += "\r\n";
	if (false == _send(sendBuff) || false == _recv())
		return 1;
	sendBuff.empty();