8 Job与CronJob

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-25 18:44:27 发布

阿扎姆王子

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-25 18:44:27 发布

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分类专栏： k8s 文章标签： docker linux 运维

原文链接：https://www.yuque.com/waynehe/k8s/vru0q5

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Job

理论基础

Job是马上运行的一次性任务， job会创建一个或者多个 Pods，并确保指定数量的 Pods 成功终止。随着 Pods 成功结束，Job 跟踪记录成功完成的 Pods 个数。当数量达到指定的成功个数阈值时，任务（即 Job）结束。删除 Job 的操作会清除所创建的全部 Pods。所以Job类型Pod的restartPolicy通常是Never或者OnFailure。
一种简单的使用场景下，你会创建一个 Job 对象以便以一种可靠的方式运行某 Pod 直到完成。当第一个 Pod 失败或者被删除（比如因为节点硬件失效或者重启）时，Job 对象会启动一个新的 Pod。

命令行创建Job

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl create job -h
Create a job with the specified name.
Usage:
  kubectl create job NAME --image=image [--from=cronjob/name] -- [COMMAND] [args...] [options]
  
Examples:
  # Create a job
  kubectl create job my-job --image=busybox

  # Create a job with command
  kubectl create job my-job --image=busybox -- date

  # Create a job from a CronJob named "a-cronjob"
  kubectl create job test-job --from=cronjob/a-cronjob

操作范例;

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl create job my-job -n mytest --image=busybox -- echo hello
job.batch/my-job created

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get pod -n mytest
NAME           READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
my-job-4twr8   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          3s

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get pod -n mytest
NAME           READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
my-job-4twr8   0/1     Completed   0          5s

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl logs my-job-4twr8 -n mytest
hello

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get jobs.batch -n mytest
NAME     COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
my-job   1/1           4s         70s

##删除Pod会自动创建
[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl delete pod my-job-jp794 -n mytest
pod "my-job-jp794" deleted

[root@clientvm ~]#
[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get pod -n mytest
NAME           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-job-c72bq   1/1     Running   0          46s

使用yaml创建job

生成yaml文件

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl create job my-job -n mytest --image=busybox --dry-run=client -o yaml -- sleep 200
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: my-job
  namespace: mytest
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
    spec:
      containers:
      - command:
        - sleep
        - "200"
        image: busybox
        name: my-job
        resources: {}
      restartPolicy: Never
status: {}

创建Job

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl apply -f job.yaml
job.batch/my-job created

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get jobs.batch -n mytest
NAME     COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
my-job   0/1           38s        38s

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get pod -n mytest
NAME           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-job-n2z45   1/1     Running   0          49s

设置并行与完成次数

completions：设置完成次数
parallelism：设置并行

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl explain job.spec
KIND:     Job
VERSION:  batch/v1
......
   completions  <integer>
     Specifies the desired number of successfully finished pods the job should
     be run with. 
   parallelism  <integer>
     Specifies the maximum desired number of pods the job should run at any
     given time.

CronJob

Cron Job 创建基于时间调度的 Jobs。
一个 CronJob 对象就像 crontab (cron table) 文件中的一行。它用 Cron 格式进行编写，并周期性地在给定的调度时间执行 Job。

CronJobs 对于创建周期性的、反复重复的任务很有用，例如执行数据备份或者发送邮件。 CronJobs 也可以用来计划在指定时间来执行的独立任务，例如计划当集群看起来很空闲时执行某个 Job。

命令行创建CronJob

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl create cronjob -h
Create a cronjob with the specified name.
Usage:
  kubectl create cronjob NAME --image=image --schedule='0/5 * * * ?' -- [COMMAND] [args...] [flags] [options]
  
Aliases:
cronjob, cj

Examples:
  # Create a cronjob
  kubectl create cronjob my-job --image=busybox --schedule="*/1 * * * *"

  # Create a cronjob with command
  kubectl create cronjob my-job --image=busybox --schedule="*/1 * * * *" -- date

范例：

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl create cronjob my-job -n mytest --image=busybox --schedule="*/1 * * * *" -- date
cronjob.batch/my-job created

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get cronjobs.batch -n mytest
NAME     SCHEDULE      SUSPEND   ACTIVE   LAST SCHEDULE   AGE
my-job   */1 * * * *   False     0        <none>          12s
[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get cronjobs.batch -n mytest
NAME     SCHEDULE      SUSPEND   ACTIVE   LAST SCHEDULE   AGE
my-job   */1 * * * *   False     1        10s             63s
[root@clientvm ~]#
[root@clientvm ~]#
[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get pod -n mytest
NAME                      READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
my-job-1607481720-5dvr2   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          17s

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get pod -n mytest
NAME                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
my-job-1607481720-5dvr2   0/1     Completed   0          35s

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get pod -n mytest
NAME                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
my-job-1607481720-5dvr2   0/1     Completed   0          80s
my-job-1607481780-sszc5   0/1     Completed   0          20s

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl logs my-job-1607481720-5dvr2 -n mytest
Wed Dec  9 02:42:26 UTC 2020

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl describe cronjobs.batch -n mytest  my-job
Name:                          my-job
Namespace:                     mytest
Labels:                        <none>
Annotations:                   <none>
Schedule:                      */1 * * * *
......
Events:
  Type    Reason            Age    From                Message
  ----    ------            ----   ----                -------
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  2m12s  cronjob-controller  Created job my-job-1607481720
  Normal  SawCompletedJob   111s   cronjob-controller  Saw completed job: my-job-1607481720, status: Complete
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  71s    cronjob-controller  Created job my-job-1607481780
  Normal  SawCompletedJob   51s    cronjob-controller  Saw completed job: my-job-1607481780, status: Complete
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  11s    cronjob-controller  Created job my-job-1607481840
  
## 删除
[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl delete cronjobs.batch -n mytest  my-job
cronjob.batch "my-job" deleted

使用yaml创建CronJob

生成配置文件范例

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl create cronjob my-job -n mytest --image=busybox --dry-run=client -o yaml --schedule="*/1 * * * *"  -- date
apiVersion: batch/v1beta1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: my-job
  namespace: mytest
spec:
  jobTemplate:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      name: my-job
    spec:
      template:
        metadata:
          creationTimestamp: null
        spec:
          containers:
          - command:
            - date
            image: busybox
            name: my-job
            resources: {}
          restartPolicy: OnFailure
  schedule: '*/1 * * * *'
status: {}

创建CronJob

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl apply -f cronjob.yaml
cronjob.batch/my-job created

[root@clientvm ~]# kubectl get cronjobs.batch -n mytest
NAME     SCHEDULE      SUSPEND   ACTIVE   LAST SCHEDULE   AGE
my-job   */1 * * * *   False     0        <none>          7s