centos7.9系统部署k8s集群

一、环境准备
centos7两台机器搭建一个master一个worker集群
master-ip：192.168.200.30
node-ip:192.168.200.31
二、关闭selinux

setenforce 0

永久关闭：

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

三、关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld

四、设置hostname

hostnamectl set-hostname master
hostnamectl set-hostname node

reboot #重启生效
将master&node写入hosts文件中

五、关闭交换分区

swapoff -a

永久生效：

sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

六、允许 iptables 检查桥接流量

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF
br_netfilter

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

生效方式：
sysctl --system

七、安装docker

yum remove docker*
yum install -y yum-utils
yum install docker-ce

配置镜像加速器（自行注册一个阿里账号，在镜像服务中找到对应得加速文件）

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
sudo systemctl enable  docker

八、配置k8s源

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

九、安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl #最好不要指定版本，默认更新为最新
#指定版本 yum install -y  --nogpgcheck kubelet-1.20.0 kubeadm-1.20.0 kubectl-1.20.0
systemctl enable --now kubelet
systemctl start kubelet

出现以下问题解决：

解决方法：下载yum源，安装依赖包
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
wget  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum install epel-release
yum install conntrack-tools

再次执行安装命令即可

检查安装：

kubelet --version

十、kubeadm安装集群
kubeadm初始化集群 #在master上执行
需要修改为master的IP地址， --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.200.30

#apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.200.100为master节点IP，根据个人master IP修改
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.200.30 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--pod-network-cidr 10.244.0.0/16 \
--service-cidr 10.96.0.0/12
#--kubernetes-version v1.23.4 \ #本行，可以不添加，默认使用最新的版本
#pod、service的网段为官网默认

以上为初始化成功
#根据提示写入环境变量

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

#查看node

kubectl get no

状态为notready，需要安装网络插件

#master上下载网络插件

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

vim kube-flannel.yml

---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
  - configMap
  - secret
  - emptyDir
  - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
  - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
  - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
  - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN', 'NET_RAW']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
  resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
  verbs: ['use']
  resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
       #image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.0.1 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.0.1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.16.3 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.16.3
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
       #image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.16.3 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)
        image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.16.3
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate

kubectl apply -f ./kube-flannel.yml #此处应用后node状态由NotReady --> Ready

将node节点加入master：
kubeadm join 192.168.200.30:6443 --token 574e7g.uo9ko4bn8cr3figa
–discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:49f0a014dd1d5f6e3f0830d169bd7a37df4e9da14468cfd2e4a2741b9b6a866b

加入成功
#工作负载worker节点node查看集群

scp -r /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf node:/etc/kubernetes/
node上执行
echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile

#初始化报错：

The HTTP call equal to 'curl -sSL http://localhost:10248/healthz' failed with error: Get "http://localhost:10248/healthz": dial tcp [::1]:10248: connect: connection refused.

解决方式：

# 添加以下内容
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}

# 重启docker
systemctl restart docker
# 重新初始化
kubeadm reset # 先重置，再次初始化

#查看k8s所需镜像

kubeadm config images list

#token生成

kubeadm token create

#查看列表

kubeadm token list

#获取ca证书sha256编码hash值

openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'

node上加入

kubeadm join 192.168.10.39:6443 --token vyaztf.snjf2za5636nekcv \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:21c1254f9da1bf4c46a6841b603ca1c21193eb32c27639ebf775f6fab8ba39de

#允许master进行调度

kubectl taint node master node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

#所有节点不允许调度

kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

#重新设置master不允许调度

kubectl taint node master node-role.kubernetes.io/master=:NoSchedule