Heat dissipation scheme of machine tool

The machine tool is an important tool for processing parts. The machine tool is affected by the change of environment temperature in the workshop, the heating of electric motor and the friction heating of mechanical movement, the heating of cutting and the cooling medium, resulting in the uneven temperature rise of all parts of the machine tool, resulting in the change of the machine tool shape precision and machining precision.

For example, when a 70mm×1650mm screw is processed on a CNC milling machine with ordinary precision, the cumulative error can vary by 85mm compared with the workpiece processed between 7:30-9:00 am and 2:00-3:30 PM. Under constant temperature, the error can be reduced to 40mm.

Influence factors of internal heat of machine tool
(1) structural heat source of machine tool. Motor heating, such as spindle motor, feed servo motor, cooling and lubrication pump motor, electric control box, can generate heat. These conditions are allowed for the motor itself, but have a significant adverse impact on the spindle, ball screw and other components, measures should be taken to isolate. When the electric energy is input to drive the motor to run, except a small part (about 20%) is converted to the motor’s heat energy, most of them will be converted to kinetic energy by the motion mechanism, such as the spindle rotation, table movement, etc. But inevitably there are still a considerable part of the motion process into friction heating, such as bearing, guide rail, ball screw and transmission box and other institutions heating.

(2)cutting heat of the process. In the cutting process, some of the kinetic energy of the tool or workpiece is consumed in the cutting work, and a considerable part of the transformation of the cutting deformation energy and friction heat between the chip and the tool, the formation of tool, spindle and workpiece heat, and a large number of chip heat conduction to the machine tool parts such as the workbench fixture. They will directly affect the relative position between the tool and the workpiece.

(3) cooling is the reverse measure for machine tool temperature rise, such as motor cooling, spindle cooling and basic structure cooling. High-end machine tools often on the electrical cabinet with refrigerator, to be forced cooling.

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