Python编程：从入门到实践（读书笔记：第6章 字典）

coding:utf-8!

第6章 字典

一个简单的字典

alien_0 = {‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’: 5}
print(alien_0[‘color’])
print(alien_0[‘points’])

访问字典中的值

alien_0 = {‘color’: ‘green’}
print("\n" + alien_0[‘color’])

alien_0 = {‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’: 5}
new_points = alien_0[‘points’]
print("\nYou just earned " + str(alien_0[‘points’]) + " points!")
print(“You just earned " + str(new_points) + " points!”)

添加键-值对

alien_0 = {‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’: 5}
print("\n")
print(alien_0)
alien_0[‘x_position’] = 0
alien_0[‘y_position’] = 25
print(alien_0)

先创建一个空字典

alien_0 = {}
alien_0[‘color’] = ‘green’
alien_0[‘points’] = 5
print("\n")
print(alien_0)

修改字典中的值

alien_0 = {‘color’: ‘green’}
print("\nThe alien color is " + alien_0[‘color’] + “.”)
alien_0[‘color’] = ‘yellow’
print("The alien color is now " + alien_0[‘color’] + “.”)

对以不同速度移动的外星人位置进行跟踪

alien_0 = {‘x_position’: 0, ‘y_position’: 25, ‘speed’: ‘medium’}
print("\nOriginal x-position: " + str(alien_0[‘x_position’]))

向右移动外星人

据外星人当前速度决定将其移动多远

if alien_0[‘speed’] == ‘slow’:
x_increment = 1
elif alien_0[‘speed’] == ‘medium’:
x_increment = 2
else:
# 这个外星人的速度一定很快
x_increment = 3

新位置等于老位置加上增量

alien_0[‘x_position’] = alien_0[‘x_position’] + x_increment
print("New x-position: " + str(alien_0[‘x_position’]))

将外星人速度进行修改后重新计算

alien_0[‘speed’] = ‘fast’
alien_0[‘x_position’] = alien_0[‘x_position’] + x_increment
print("New x-position: " + str(alien_0[‘x_position’]))

删除键-值对

alien_0 = {‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’: 5}
print("\n")
print(alien_0)
del alien_0[‘points’]
print(alien_0)

由类似对象组成的字典

问卷调查

favorite_languages = {
‘jen’: ‘python’,
‘sarah’: ‘c’,
‘edward’: ‘ruby’,
‘phil’: ‘python’,
}

在最后一个键-值对后面也加上逗号，为以后再下一行添加键-值对做好准备

print("\n")
print(favorite_languages)
print("Sarah’s favorite language is " +
favorite_languages[‘sarah’].title() +
“.”)

遍历所有的键-值对

user_0 = {
‘username’: ‘efermi’,
‘first’: ‘enrico’,
‘last’: ‘fermi’,
}
for key, value in user_0.items():
print("\nKey: " + key)
print("Value: " + value)

print("\n")
favorite_languages = {
‘jen’: ‘python’,
‘sarah’: ‘c’,
‘edward’: ‘ruby’,
‘phil’: ‘python’,
}
for name, language in favorite_languages.items():
print(name.title() + "'s favorite language is " +
language.title() + “.”)

遍历字典中的所有键

favorite_languages = {
‘jen’: ‘python’,
‘sarah’: ‘c’,
‘edward’: ‘ruby’,
‘phil’: ‘python’,
}
print("\n")
for name in favorite_languages.keys():
print(name.title())

注意keys()后面的s

当名字为指定朋友名字时打印一条消息

favorite_languages = {
‘jen’: ‘python’,
‘sarah’: ‘c’,
‘edward’: ‘ruby’,
‘phil’: ‘python’,
}
friends = [‘phil’, ‘sarah’]
for name in favorite_languages.keys():
print(name.title())
if name in friends:
print(" Hi " + name.title() +
", I see your favorite language is " +
favorite_languages[name].title() + “!”)

使用keys()确定某个人是否接受了调查

favorite_languages = {
‘jen’: ‘python’,
‘sarah’: ‘c’,
‘edward’: ‘ruby’,
‘phil’: ‘python’,
}
if ‘erin’ not in favorite_languages.keys():
print("\nErin, please take our poll!")

用sorted()按顺序遍历字典中的所有键

print("\n")
favorite_languages = {
‘jen’: ‘python’,
‘sarah’: ‘c’,
‘edward’: ‘ruby’,
‘phil’: ‘python’,
}
for name in sorted(favorite_languages.keys()):
print(name.title() + “, thank you for taking the poll.”)

遍历字典中的所有的值

favorite_languages = {
‘jen’: ‘python’,
‘sarah’: ‘c’,
‘edward’: ‘ruby’,
‘phil’: ‘python’,
}
print("\nThe following languages have been mentioned: ")
for language in favorite_languages.values():
print(language.title())

用set()剔除重复项

print("\n")
favorite_languages = {
‘jen’: ‘python’,
‘sarah’: ‘c’,
‘edward’: ‘ruby’,
‘phil’: ‘python’,
}
print("The following languages have been mentioned: ")
for language in set(favorite_languages.values()):
print(language.title())

嵌套

字典列表

print("\n")
alien_0 = {‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’: 5}
alien_1 = {‘color’: ‘yellow’, ‘points’: 10}
alien_2 = {‘color’: ‘red’, ‘points’: 15}
aliens = [alien_0, alien_1, alien_2]
for alien in aliens:
print(alien)

print("\n")

用range()生成30个一样的外星人

aliens = []

创建30个绿色的外星人

for alien_number in range(30):
new_alien = {‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’: 5, ‘speed’: ‘slow’}
aliens.append(new_alien)

显示前5个外星人

for alien in aliens[:5]:
print(alien)
print("…")

显示创建了多少个外星人

print("Total number of aliens: " + str(len(aliens)))

print("\n")

处理成群结队的外星人

有的外星人会变色且移动速度加快

创建一个用于储存外星人的空列表

aliens = []

创建30个绿色的外星人

for alien_number in range(0,30): # 注意range(a,b)的用法
new_alien = {‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’: 5, ‘speed’: ‘slow’}
aliens.append(new_alien)
for alien in aliens[0:3]:
if alien[‘color’] == ‘green’:
alien[‘color’] = ‘yellow’
alien[‘speed’] = ‘medium’
alien[‘points’] = 10

显示前5个外星人

for alien in aliens[0:5]:
print(alien)
print("…")

print("\n")

增加elif代码块，将黄色外星人进行修改

aliens = []
for alien_number in range(0,30): # 注意range(a,b)的用法
new_alien = {‘color’: ‘green’, ‘points’: 5, ‘speed’: ‘slow’}
aliens.append(new_alien)
for alien in aliens[0:3]:
if alien[‘color’] == ‘green’:
alien[‘color’] = ‘yellow’
alien[‘speed’] = ‘medium’
alien[‘points’] = 10
elif alien[‘color’] == ‘yellow’:
alien[‘color’] = ‘red’
alien[‘speed’] = ‘fast’
alien[‘points’] = 15

显示前5个外星人

for alien in aliens[0:5]:
print(alien)

print("\n")

在字典中储存列表

储存所点比萨的信息

pizza = {
‘crust’: ‘thick’,
‘toppings’: [‘mushrooms’, ‘extra cheese’],
}

概述所点的比萨

print(“You ordered a " + pizza[‘crust’] + “-crust pizza " +
“with the toppings:”)
for topping in pizza[‘toppings’]:
print(”\t” + topping)

在字典中储存列表的另一个例子

favorite_languages = {
‘jen’: [‘python’, ‘ruby’],
‘sarah’: [‘c’],
‘edward’: [‘ruby’, ‘go’],
‘phil’: [‘python’, ‘haskell’],
}
for name, languages in favorite_languages.items():
print("\n" + name.title() + “'s favorite languages are: “)
for language in languages:
print(”\t” +language.title())

用if语句和len()语句改进上面的程序

favorite_languages = {
‘jen’: [‘python’, ‘ruby’],
‘sarah’: [‘c’],
‘edward’: [‘ruby’, ‘go’],
‘phil’: [‘python’, ‘haskell’],
}
for name, languages in favorite_languages.items():
if len(languages) == 1:
print("\n" + name.title() + “'s favorite languages is: " +
language.title())
else:
print(”\n" + name.title() + “'s favorite languages are: “)
for language in languages:
print(”\t” +language.title())

在字典中存储字典

users = {
‘aeinstein’: {
‘first’: ‘albert’,
‘last’: ‘einstein’,
‘location’: ‘princeton’,
},
‘mcurie’: {
‘first’: ‘marie’,
‘last’: ‘curie’,
‘location’: ‘paris’,
},
}
for username, user_info in users.items():
print("\nUsername: " + username)
full_name = user_info[‘first’] + " " + user_info[‘last’]
location = user_info[‘location’]
print("\tFull name: " + full_name.title())
print("\tLocation: " + location.title())