1.获得反射对象
public class Reflection1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.test.Reflection.User");
System.out.println(c1);
}
}
class User {
private String name;
private int id;
private int age;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, int id, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
2.得到Class类的几种方式
//得到class类的几种方式
public class Reflection2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Person person = new Student1();
System.out.println(person.name);
//通过对象获得
Class c1 = person.getClass();
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
//通过forName获得
Class c2 = Class.forName("com.test.Reflection.Student1");
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
//通过类名获得
Class c3 = Student1.class;
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
//基本内置包装类都有一个Type属性
Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println(c4);
//获取父类类型
Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c5);
}
}
class Person {
public String name;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class Student1 extends Person {
public Student1() {
this.name = "学生";
}
}
class Teacher1 extends Person {
public Teacher1() {
this.name = "老师";
}
}
3.所有类型的Class对象
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
public class Reflection3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//类
Class c1 = Object.class;
//接口
Class c2 = Comparable.class;
//一维数组
Class c3 = String[].class;
//二维数组
Class c4 = int[][].class;
//注解
Class c5 = Override.class;
//枚举
Class c6 = ElementType.class;
//基本数据类型
Class c7 = Integer.class;
//void
Class c8 = void.class;
//Class
Class c9 = Class.class;
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
System.out.println(c9);
//只要元素类型和维度一样,就是同一个class
int[] i1 = new int[100];
int[] i2 = new int[1000];
System.out.println(i1.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(i2.getClass().hashCode());
}
}
4.类加载内存分析
public class Reflection4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println(a.m);
}
}
class A {
static {
System.out.println("静态代码块初始化");
m = 300;
}
static int m = 100;
public A() {
System.out.println("构造代码块初始化");
}
}
运行结果如图:
5.分析类初始化
public class Reflection5 {
static {
System.out.println("main函数被加载");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//主动引用
//Son son = new Son();
//反射会产生主动引用
Class.forName("com.test.Reflection.Son");
//不会产生主动引用的方法
//System.out.println(son.a);
Son[] s = new Son[5];
//System.out.println(son.M);
}
}
class Father {
static int a = 2;
static {
System.out.println("父类被加载");
}
}
class Son extends Father {
static {
System.out.println("子类被加载");
m = 300;
}
static int m = 100;
static final int M = 1;
}
运行结果如图:
6.类加载器
public class Reflection6 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//获取系统类的加载器
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
//获取系统类的加载器的父类加载器-扩展类加载器
ClassLoader parent1 = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent1);
//获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器
ClassLoader parent2 = parent1.getParent();
System.out.println(parent2);
//测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
ClassLoader classLoader1 = Class.forName("com.test.Reflection.Reflection6").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader1);
//测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的
ClassLoader classLoader2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader2);
//获取系统类加载器可以加载的路径
String property = System.getProperty("java.class.path");
System.out.println(property);
}
}
7.获取类的运行时结构
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//获得类的信息
public class Reflection7 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.test.Reflection.User");
//获得类的名字
System.out.println(c1.getName());//获得包名+类名
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//获得类名
//获得类的属性
System.out.println("------------------");
Field[] fields = c1.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field);
}
//获得指定属性的值
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
System.out.println(name);
//获得类的方法
System.out.println("------------------");
Method[] methods1 = c1.getMethods();//获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
for (Method method : methods1) {
System.out.println("getMethods:" + method);
}
System.out.println("------------------");
Method[] methods2 = c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获得本类的所有方法
for (Method method : methods2) {
System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods:" + method);
}
//获取指定方法
System.out.println("------------------");
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
System.out.println(getName);
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
System.out.println(setName);
//获取构造器
System.out.println("------------------");
Constructor[] constructors1 = c1.getConstructors();//获得本类及其父类的全部构造器
for (Constructor constructor : constructors1) {
System.out.println("getConstructors:" + constructor);
}
Constructor[] constructors2 = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();//获得本类的构造器
for (Constructor constructor : constructors2) {
System.out.println("getDeclaredConstructors:" + constructor);
}
System.out.println("------------------");
//获取指定的构造器
Constructor constructor1 = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println(constructor1);
Constructor constructor2 = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(null);
System.out.println(constructor2);
}
}
8.动态创建对象执行方法
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Reflection8 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//获得Class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.test.Reflection.User");
//构造一个对象
User user1 = (User) c1.newInstance();
System.out.println(user1);
//通过构造器创建对象
Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
User user2 = (User) constructor.newInstance("张三", 1, 20);
System.out.println(user2);
User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
//通过反射获取一个方法
Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
Method setAge = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setAge", int.class);
//invoke:激活
setName.invoke(user3, "李四");
System.out.println(user3.getName());
setAge.invoke(user3, 20);
System.out.println(user3.getAge());
//通过反射操作属性
User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
//访问权限开启
name.setAccessible(true);
name.set(user4, "王五");
System.out.println(user4.getName());
}
}
9.性能对比分析
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//分析性能问题
public class Reflection9 {
//普通方式调用
public static void test1() {
User user = new User();
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
user.getName();
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通运行耗时:" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
//通过反射调用
public static void test2() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user, null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("通过反射调用耗时:" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
//通过反射调用,关闭检测
public static void test3() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
getName.setAccessible(true);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user, null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("通过反射并关闭检测调用耗时:" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
test1();
test2();
test3();
}
}
运行结果如图:
10.获取泛型类型
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class Reflection10 {
public void test1(Map<String, User> map, List<User> list) {
System.out.println("test1");
}
public Map<String, User> test2() {
System.out.println("test2");
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Method method = Reflection10.class.getMethod("test1", Map.class, List.class);
//获得泛型的参数类型
Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
System.out.println("#" + genericParameterType);
//泛型参数类型是否等于结构化参数类型
if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
method = Reflection10.class.getMethod("test2", null);
Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
}
运行结果如图:
11.获取注解信息
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class Reflectiion11 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.test.Reflection.student2");
System.out.println(c1);
//通过反射获得注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
//获取注解的value的值
TableTest table = (TableTest) c1.getAnnotation(TableTest.class);
String value = table.value();
System.out.println(value);
//获得类指定的注解
Field field = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
FieldTest annotation = field.getAnnotation(FieldTest.class);
System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
System.out.println(annotation.type());
System.out.println(annotation.length());
}
}
@TableTest("db_student")
class student2 {
@FieldTest(columnName = "db_name", type = "varchar", length = 3)
public String name;
@FieldTest(columnName = "db_id", type = "int", length = 10)
private int id;
@FieldTest(columnName = "db_age", type = "int", length = 10)
private int age;
public student2() {
}
public student2(String name, int id, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
运行结果如图: