1.Servlet
Servlet是运行在Web服务器或应用服务器上的程序,是作为来自Web浏览器或其他HTTP客户端的请求和HTTP服务器上的数据库或应用程序之间的中间层。
基本结构:
Servlet生命周期
(1)init()—>初始化
(2)service()—>处理客户端请求
(3)destory()—>销毁
(4)由JVM的垃圾回收器进行回收
2.HelloServlet
1.创建Maven项目
2.配置Tomcat
3.导入Maven依赖
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
4.创建Servlet
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//super.doGet(req, resp);
PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
writer.print("Hello Servlet!");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
5.在web.xml中注册Servlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
6.编写index.jsp文件
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello Servlet!</h2>
</body>
</html>
7.启动Tomcat服务器
结果如图:
3.Mapping问题
(1)一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
(2)一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
(3)默认请求路径
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
4.ServletContext对象
ServletContext对象即Servlet上下文对象。一个Web应用对应一个ServletContext,所以ServletContext的作用范围是整个应用。