java多线程 synchronized

synchronized 设置为同步方法

package synchronizedTest;

//模拟买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(buyTicket,"用户A").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"用户B").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"用户C").start();
    }
}
//不安全
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//  设置票数
    private static int ticketNums = 10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if(ticketNums<0){
                break;
            }
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"买到了票，剩余" + --ticketNums + "张票");
                Thread.sleep(100);//防止票被一个人买完，模拟延迟
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

发现线程并不安全
这时需要用到synchronized 设置为同步方法

class BuyTicket implements  Runnable{
    //  设置票数
    private static int ticketNums = 10;

    @Override
    public synchronized void run() {//只需要在这里加synchronized 据可以解决问题
        while (true){

            if(ticketNums<=0){
                break;
            }
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"买到了票，剩余" + --ticketNums + "张票");
                Thread.sleep(100);//防止票被一个人买完，模拟延迟
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}

synchronized 设置为同步对象

package synchronizedTest;

//模拟银行取钱
public class Bank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //账户
        Account account = new Account(100, "银行卡");

        Drawing a = new Drawing(account, 50, "A");
        Drawing b = new Drawing(account, 100, "B");

        a.start();
        b.start();
    }

}

//账户
class Account{
    int money;
    String name;

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//模拟银行取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    //账户
    Account account;
    //取款金额
    int drawingMoney;

    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //判断账户余额是否够取
        if(account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"取钱失败，账户钱不够");
        	return;
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        account.money -= drawingMoney;
//        this.getName() == Thread.currentThread().getName()
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"取了"+drawingMoney);
        System.out.println("账户余额：" + account.money);
    }
}

synchronized 锁的是this即Drawing,
当A进程进来时发现A对象Drawing没锁，则加锁运行run方法
当B进程进来时发现B对象Drawing没锁，则加锁运行run方法

（注意A和B的对象不同，所以不能锁run方法，应该锁共享资源即Account）

package synchronizedTest;

//模拟银行取钱
public class Bank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //账户
        Account account = new Account(100, "银行卡");

        Drawing a = new Drawing(account, 50, "A");
        Drawing b = new Drawing(account, 100, "B");

        a.start();
        b.start();
    }

}

//账户
class Account{
    int money;
    String name;

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//模拟银行取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    //账户
    Account account;
    //取款金额
    int drawingMoney;

    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (account){
            //判断账户余额是否够取
            if(account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"取钱失败，账户钱不够");
                return;
            }

            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            account.money -= drawingMoney;
//        this.getName() == Thread.currentThread().getName()
            System.out.println(this.getName()+"取了"+drawingMoney);
            System.out.println("账户余额：" + account.money);
        }
    }

}