Swoole 高性能高并发 PHP 协程框架

Swoole是一个强大的工具，它允许PHP开发人员编写高性能高并发的TCP、UDP、Unix Socket、HTTP、WebSocket等服务，从而让PHP可以超越Web领域的局限。

特别值得一提的是Swoole4协程的成熟，将PHP带入了前所未有的时代。通过协程，我们可以实现异步非阻塞的编程方式，大大提升了程序的性能。

Swoole4协程为性能的提升提供了独一无二的可能性。通过使用协程，我们可以在一个线程中同时执行多个任务，而不需要创建多个线程或进程。这样可以减少上下文切换的开销，提高服务器的吞吐量。

除了协程，Swoole还提供了许多其他的功能，如事件驱动、异步网络通信等。这些功能让PHP开发人员可以更加灵活地处理各种网络编程需求，并且提供了更好的性能和可扩展性。

Swoole是一个功能强大的网络通信框架，适用于互联网、移动通信、云计算、网络游戏、物联网（IOT）、车联网、智能家居等多个领域。通过使用PHP + Swoole，企业的IT研发团队可以显著提升效率，将更多精力专注于开发创新产品。

HTTP Server

//高性能HTTP服务器
$http = new Swoole\Http\Server("127.0.0.1", 9501);
$http->on("start", function ($server) {
  echo "Swoole http server is started at http://127.0.0.1:9501\n";
});
  $http->on("request", function ($request, $response) {
  $response->header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
  $response->end("Hello World\n");});
  $http->start();

WebSocket Server

$server = new Swoole\Websocket\Server("127.0.0.1", 9502);$server->on('open', function($server, $req) {
echo "connection open: {$req->fd}\n";
});
$server->on('message', function($server, $frame) {
echo "received message: {$frame->data}\n";
$server->push($frame->fd, json_encode(["hello", "world"]));
});
$server->on('close', function($server, $fd) {
echo "connection close: {$fd}\n";});
$server->start();

TCP Server

$server = new Swoole\Server("127.0.0.1", 9503);
$server->on('connect', function ($server, $fd){
echo "connection open: {$fd}\n";});
$server->on('receive', function ($server, $fd, $reactor_id, $data) {
$server->send($fd, "Swoole: {$data}");
$server->close($fd);});$server->on('close', function ($server, $fd) {
echo "connection close: {$fd}\n";});
$server->start();

UDP Server

$serv = new Swoole\Server("127.0.0.1", 9502, SWOOLE_PROCESS, SWOOLE_SOCK_UDP);
//监听数据接收事件
$serv->on('Packet', function ($serv, $data, $clientInfo) {
$serv->sendto($clientInfo['address'], $clientInfo['port'], "Server ".$data);
var_dump($clientInfo);});
//启动服务器$serv->start();

Task

$server = new Swoole\Server("127.0.0.1", 9502);
$server->set(array('task_worker_num' => 4));
$server->on('receive', function($server, $fd, $reactor_id, $data) {
$task_id = $server->task("Async");
echo "Dispatch AsyncTask: [id=$task_id]\n";});
$server->on('task', function ($server, $task_id, $reactor_id, $data) {
echo "New AsyncTask[id=$task_id]\n";  $server->finish("$data -> OK");});
$server->on('finish', function ($server, $task_id, $data) {
echo "AsyncTask[$task_id] finished: {$data}\n";});
$server->start();

Coroutine
在一个进程内一秒内完成1万次睡眠、读取、写入、检查和删除文件操作，以及使用PDO和MySQLi与数据库进行通信1万次，创建TCP服务器和多个客户端进行相互通信1万次，创建UDP服务器和多个客户端进行相互通信1万次。

Swoole\Runtime::enableCoroutine();
//此行代码后，文件操作，sleep，Mysqli，PDO，streams等都变成异步IO，见文档'一键协程化'章节$s = microtime(true);
//Co/run()见文档'协程容器'章节Co\run(function() {
// i just want to sleep...for ($c = 100; $c--;) {
go(function () {
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
usleep(1000);
}
});}
// 10k file read and writefor ($c = 100; $c--;) {
go(function () use ($c) {
$tmp_filename = "/tmp/test-{$c}.php";
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
$self = file_get_contents(__FILE__);
file_put_contents($tmp_filename, $self);
assert(file_get_contents($tmp_filename) === $self);
}    
unlink($tmp_filename);
});}
// 10k pdo and mysqli readfor ($c = 50; $c--;) {
go(function () {
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=test;charset=utf8', 'root', 'root');
$statement = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM `user`');
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
$statement->execute();
assert(count($statement->fetchAll()) > 0);
}
});}for ($c = 50; $c--;) {
go(function () {
$mysqli = new Mysqli('127.0.0.1', 'root', 'root', 'test');
$statement = $mysqli->prepare('SELECT `id` FROM `user`');
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
$statement->bind_result($id);
$statement->execute();
$statement->fetch();
assert($id > 0);
}
});}
// php_stream tcp server & client with 12.8k requests in single processfunction tcp_pack(string $data): string{  
return pack('n', strlen($data)) . $data;}function tcp_length(string $head): int{  
return unpack('n', $head)[1];}go(function () {
$ctx = stream_context_create(['socket' => ['so_reuseaddr' => true, 'backlog' => 128]]);  
$socket = stream_socket_server(    
'tcp://0.0.0.0:9502',    
$errno, $errstr, STREAM_SERVER_BIND | STREAM_SERVER_LISTEN, $ctx  );  
if (!$socket) {
echo "$errstr ($errno)\n";
} else {
$i = 0;
while ($conn = stream_socket_accept($socket, 1)) {
stream_set_timeout($conn, 5);
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
$data = fread($conn, tcp_length(fread($conn, 2)));
assert($data === "Hello Swoole Server #{$n}!");
fwrite($conn, tcp_pack("Hello Swoole Client #{$n}!"));
}
if (++$i === 128) {
fclose($socket);
break;
}
}
}});for ($c = 128; $c--;) {
go(function () {
$fp = stream_socket_client("tcp://127.0.0.1:9502", $errno, $errstr, 1);
if (!$fp) {
echo "$errstr ($errno)\n";
} else {
stream_set_timeout($fp, 5);
for ($n = 100; $n--;) {
fwrite($fp, tcp_pack("Hello Swoole Server #{$n}!"));
$data = fread($fp, tcp_length(fread($fp, 2)));
assert($data === "Hello Swoole Client #{$n}!");
}      
fclose($fp);
}
});}// udp server & client with 12.8k requests in single processgo(function () {
$socket = new Swoole\Coroutine\Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
$socket->bind('127.0.0.1', 9503);  $client_map = [];
for ($c = 128; $c--;) {
for ($n = 0; $n < 100; $n++) { $recv = $socket->recvfrom($peer);
$client_uid = "{$peer['address']}:{$peer['port']}";
$id = $client_map[$client_uid] = ($client_map[$client_uid] ?? -1) + 1;
 assert($recv === "Client: Hello #{$id}!");
$socket->sendto($peer['address'], $peer['port'], "Server: Hello #{$id}!");
}
}
$socket->close();});for ($c = 128; $c--;) {
go(function () {
$fp = stream_socket_client("udp://127.0.0.1:9503", $errno, $errstr, 1);
if (!$fp) {
echo "$errstr ($errno)\n";
} else {
for ($n = 0; $n < 100; $n++) {
fwrite($fp, "Client: Hello #{$n}!");
$recv = fread($fp, 1024);
list($address, $port) = explode(':', (stream_socket_get_name($fp, true)));
assert($address === '127.0.0.1' && (int)$port === 9503);
assert($recv === "Server: Hello #{$n}!");
}      fclose($fp);
}
});}});echo 'use ' . (microtime(true) - $s) . ' s';

Channel

Co\run(function(){  
//使用Channel进行协程间通讯  
$chan = new Swoole\Coroutine\Channel(1);  
Swoole\Coroutine::create(function () use ($chan) {    
for($i = 0; $i < 100000; $i++) { co::sleep(1.0); $chan->push(['rand' => rand(1000, 9999), 'index' => $i]);      
echo "$i\n";    
}  
});  
Swoole\Coroutine::create(function () use ($chan) {    
while(1) {      
$data = $chan->pop();      
var_dump($data);    
}  
});});

Swoole 特性
Swoole是使用C/C++语言编写的，提供了异步多线程服务器、异步TCP/UDP网络客户端、异步MySQL、异步Redis、数据库连接池、AsyncTask、消息队列、毫秒定时器、异步文件读写、异步DNS查询等功能。此外，Swoole还内置了Http/WebSocket服务器端/客户端以及Http2.0服务器端。

除了支持异步IO，Swoole还为PHP多进程模式设计了并发数据结构和IPC通信机制，大大简化了多进程并发编程的工作。其中包括并发原子计数器、并发HashTable、Channel、Lock、进程间通信IPC等功能特性。

Swoole4.0引入了类似Go语言的协程，可以使用完全同步的代码实现异步程序。在编写PHP代码时无需额外增加任何关键词，底层会自动进行协程调度，实现异步IO。