String类常用方法

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-01 16:43:24 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-08-01 16:43:24 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： spring

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lz_1014/article/details/86241850

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1.String的构造方法

1）String(String original):把字符串数据封装成字符串对象

2）String(char[] value):把字符数组的数据封装成字符串对象

3）String(char[] value, int index, int count):把字符数组中的一部分数据封装成字符串对象

2.String类的获取功能：

1）length():获取字符串的长度，其实也就是字符个数

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上案发地方";
System.out.println(str.length());

运行结果：
18

2）charAt(int index):获取指定索引处的字符

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上案发地方";

char[] c = { ‘a’,‘d’,‘s’,‘f’,‘a’};
System.out.println(str.charAt(12));

运行结果：
发

3）indexOf(String str):获取str在字符串对象中第一次出现的索引

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上案发地方";
System.out.println(str.indexOf('a',5));

运行结果：
9

4）substring(int start):从start开始截取字符串

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上案发地方";
System.out.println(str.substring(1));

运行结果：
dsfaxsdfas沙发上发地方

5）String substring(int start,int end):从start开始，到end结束截取字符串。包括start，不包括end

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上案发地方";
System.out.println(str.substring(1, 12));

运行结果：
dsfaxsdfas沙

3.String判断功能

1）equals(Object obj):比较字符串的内容是否相同

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上案发地方";
System.out.println(str.equals("adsfaxsdfas沙发上发地方"));
System.out.println(str.equals("adsfaxsdfas"));

运行结果：
true
false

2）equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString):比较字符串的内容是否相同,忽略大小写

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上案发地方";
System.out.println(str.equalsIgnoreCase("ADsfaxsdfAs沙发上发地方"));

运行结果：
true

3）startsWith(String prefix):判断字符串对象是否以指定的字符开头（区分大小写）

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上案发地方";
System.out.println(str.startsWith("a"));
System.out.println(str.startsWith("A"));

运行结果：
true
false

4）startsWith(String prefix,int toffset)：判断字符串对象是否以指定的字符开头，参数toffset为指定从哪个下标开始

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上案发地方";
System.out.println(str.startsWith("f", 3));
System.out.println(str.startsWith("f", 4));

运行结果：
true
false

5）endsWith(String str):判断字符串对象是否以指定的字符结尾

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上案发地方";
System.out.println(str.endsWith("x"));
System.out.println(str.endsWith("方"));

运行结果：
false
true

6）isEmpty()：判断指定字符串是否为空

4.String类中的转化方法：

1）toCharArray():把字符串转换为字符数组

public static void main(String[] args) {
	<span class="token class-name">String</span> str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"adsfaxsdfas沙发上发地方"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">char</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toCharArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">printArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}
public static void printArray(char a[]) {

	<span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>i<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>a<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span>i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
		<span class="token class-name">System</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">"--"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

运行结果：
a–d--s–f--a–x--s–d--f–a--s–沙--发–上--发–地--方–

2）toLowerCase():把字符串转换为小写字符串

String str1 = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
System.out.println(str1.toLowerCase());

运行结果：
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

3）toUpperCase():把字符串转换为大写字符串

String str1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
System.out.println(str2.toUpperCase());

运行结果：
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

5.其他常用方法

1）trim()：去除字符串两端空格

String str3 = "    a  c  e x u a n x u a n    ";
System.out.println(str3.trim());
System.out.println(str3);

运行结果：
a c e x u a n x u a n
a c e x u a n x u a n

2）split():去除字符串中指定的的字符，然后返回一个新的字符串

public static void main(String[] args) {
	<span class="token class-name">String</span> str <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"adsfaxsdfas沙发上发地方"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token class-name">String</span> array<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">split</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"a"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token function">printString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>array<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}
public static void printString(String a[]) {
for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++) {
System.out.print(a[i]);
}
}

运行结果：
dsfxsdfs沙发上发地方

3）subSequence(int beginIndex,int endIndex )：截取字符串中指定位置的字符组成一个新的字符串

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上发地方";
System.out.println(str.subSequence(1, 10));

运行结果：
dsfaxsdfa

4）replace(char oldChar, char newChar)：将指定字符替换成另一个指定的字符

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上发地方";
System.out.println(str.replace('a', 's'));

运行结果：
sdsfsxsdfss沙发上发地方

5）replaceAll(String regex,String replasement)：用新的内容替换全部旧内容

String str4 = "Hello,world!";
System.out.println(str4.replaceAll("l", "&"));

运行结果：
He&&o,wor&d!

6）replaceFirst(String regex,String replacement)：替换首个满足条件的内容

String str = "adsfaxsdfas沙发上发地方";
System.out.println(str.replaceFirst("沙", "璇"));

运行结果：
adsfaxsdfas璇发上发地方

7）lastIndexOf(String str)：返回指定字符出现的最后一次的下标

String str4 = "Hello,world!";
System.out.println(str4.lastIndexOf("l"));

运行结果：
9

8）contains(CharSequence s)：查看字符串中是都含有指定字符

String str4 = "Hello,world!";
System.out.println(str4.contains("l"));

运行结果：
true

9）concat(String str)：在原有的字符串的基础上加上指定字符串

String str5 = "dr";
System.out.println(str5.concat("eam"));

运行结果：
dream

最后分享一个开发过程中经常用到的方法

	/**
     * 截取字符串str中指定字符 strStart、strEnd之间的字符串
     *
     * @param str      待截取的字符串
     * @param strStart 起始字符或字符串
     * @param strEnd   截止字符或字符串
     * @return
     */
    public String subString(String str, String strStart, String strEnd) {
    <span class="token comment">// 找出指定的2个字符在该字符串里面的位置 </span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> strStartIndex <span class="token operator">=</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">indexOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>strStart<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> strEndIndex <span class="token operator">=</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">indexOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>strEnd<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">// index为负数，即表示该字符串中没有该字符</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>strStartIndex <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"字符串 :----&gt;"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> str <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"&lt;---- 中不存在 "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> strStart <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">", 无法截取目标字符串"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>strEndIndex <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">"字符串 :----&gt;"</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> str <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"&lt;---- 中不存在 "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> strEnd <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">", 无法截取目标字符串"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 开始截取</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> str<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substring</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>strStartIndex<span class="token punctuation">,</span> strEndIndex<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">substring</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>strStart<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>