复习 java进阶 day07-集合Map&Collections工具类
1.Map集合
1.1Map集合概述和特点【理解】
interface Map<K,V> K：键的类型；V：值的类型
- Map集合的特点
- 键值对映射关系
- 一个键对应一个值
- 键不能重复，值可以重复
- 元素存取无序
- Map集合的基本使用
public class MapDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
map.put("itheima001","林青霞");
map.put("itheima002","张曼玉");
map.put("itheima003","王祖贤");
map.put("itheima003","柳岩");
System.out.println(map);
}
}
1.2Map集合的基本功能【应用】
| 方法名 | 说明 |
|---|
| V put(K key,V value) | 添加元素 |
| V remove(Object key) | 根据键删除键值对元素 |
| void clear() | 移除所有的键值对元素 |
| boolean containsKey(Object key) | 判断集合是否包含指定的键 |
| boolean containsValue(Object value) | 判断集合是否包含指定的值 |
| boolean isEmpty() | 判断集合是否为空 |
| int size() | 集合的长度，也就是集合中键值对的个数 |
public class MapDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
map.put("张无忌","赵敏");
map.put("郭靖","黄蓉");
map.put("杨过","小龙女");
System.out.println(map.size());
System.out.println(map);
}
}
1.3Map集合的获取功能【应用】
| 方法名 | 说明 |
|---|
| V get(Object key) | 根据键获取值 |
| Set keySet() | 获取所有键的集合 |
| Collection values() | 获取所有值的集合 |
| Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() | 获取所有键值对对象的集合 |
public class MapDemo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("张无忌", "赵敏");
map.put("郭靖", "黄蓉");
map.put("杨过", "小龙女");
Collection<String> values = map.values();
for(String value : values) {
System.out.println(value);
}
}
}
1.4Map集合的遍历(方式1)【应用】
- 遍历思路
- 我们刚才存储的元素都是成对出现的，所以我们把Map看成是一个夫妻对的集合
- 把所有的丈夫给集中起来
- 遍历丈夫的集合，获取到每一个丈夫
- 根据丈夫去找对应的妻子
- 步骤分析
- 获取所有键的集合。用keySet()方法实现
- 遍历键的集合，获取到每一个键。用增强for实现
- 根据键去找值。用get(Object key)方法实现
- 代码实现
public class MapDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("张无忌", "赵敏");
map.put("郭靖", "黄蓉");
map.put("杨过", "小龙女");
Set<String> keySet = map.keySet();
for (String key : keySet) {
String value = map.get(key);
System.out.println(key + "," + value);
}
}
}
1.5Map集合的遍历(方式2)【应用】
- 遍历思路
- 我们刚才存储的元素都是成对出现的，所以我们把Map看成是一个夫妻对的集合
- 获取所有结婚证的集合
- 遍历结婚证的集合，得到每一个结婚证
- 根据结婚证获取丈夫和妻子
- 步骤分析
- 获取所有键值对对象的集合
- Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet()：获取所有键值对对象的集合
- 遍历键值对对象的集合，得到每一个键值对对象
- 根据键值对对象获取键和值
- 用getKey()得到键
- 用getValue()得到值
- 代码实现
public class MapDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("张无忌", "赵敏");
map.put("郭靖", "黄蓉");
map.put("杨过", "小龙女");
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> me : entrySet) {
String key = me.getKey();
String value = me.getValue();
System.out.println(key + "," + value);
}
}
}
1.6Map集合的案例【应用】
1.6.1HashMap集合练习之键是String值是Student
- 案例需求
创建一个HashMap集合，键是学号(String)，值是学生对象(Student)。存储三个键值对元素，并遍历 - 代码实现
-
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
public class HashMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<String, Student> hm = new HashMap<String, Student>();
Student s1 = new Student("林青霞", 30);
Student s2 = new Student("张曼玉", 35);
Student s3 = new Student("王祖贤", 33);
hm.put("itheima001", s1);
hm.put("itheima002", s2);
hm.put("itheima003", s3);
Set<String> keySet = hm.keySet();
for (String key : keySet) {
Student value = hm.get(key);
System.out.println(key + "," + value.getName() + "," +
value.getAge());
}
System.out.println("--------");
Set<Map.Entry<String, Student>> entrySet = hm.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String, Student> me : entrySet) {
String key = me.getKey();
Student value = me.getValue();
System.out.println(key + "," + value.getName() + "," +
value.getAge());
}
}
}
itheima003,王祖贤,33
itheima001,林青霞,30
itheima002,张曼玉,35
--------
itheima003,王祖贤,33
itheima001,林青霞,30
itheima002,张曼玉,35
1.6.2HashMap集合练习之键是Student值是String
- 案例需求
- 创建一个HashMap集合，键是学生对象(Student)，值是居住地 (String)。 存储多个元素，并遍历。
- 要求保证键的唯一性：如果学生对象的成员变量值相同，我们就认为是同一个对象
- 代码实现
-
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) return true;
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
Student student = (Student) o;
if (age != student.age) return false;
return name != null ? name.equals(student.name) : student.name ==
null;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int result = name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0;
result = 31 * result + age;
return result;
}
}
public class HashMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<Student, String> hm = new HashMap<Student, String>();
Student s1 = new Student("林青霞", 30);
Student s2 = new Student("张曼玉", 35);
Student s3 = new Student("王祖贤", 33);
Student s4 = new Student("王祖贤", 33);
hm.put(s1, "西安");
hm.put(s2, "武汉");
hm.put(s3, "郑州");
hm.put(s4, "北京");
Set<Student> keySet = hm.keySet();
for (Student key : keySet) {
String value = hm.get(key);
System.out.println(key.getName() + "," + key.getAge() + "," + value);
}
System.out.println("------------");
Set<Map.Entry<Student, String>> entries = hm.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<Student, String> m: entries) {
Student key = m.getKey();
String value = m.getValue();
System.out.println(key.getName() + "," + key.getAge() + "," + value);
}
}
}
王祖贤,33,北京
张曼玉,35,武汉
林青霞,30,西安
------------
王祖贤,33,北京
张曼玉,35,武汉
林青霞,30,西安
1.6.3集合嵌套之ArrayList嵌套HashMap
- 案例需求
- 创建一个ArrayList集合，存储三个元素，每一个元素都是HashMap
- 每一个HashMap的键和值都是String，并遍历。
- 代码实现
public class ArrayListIncludeHashMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> array = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
HashMap<String, String> hm1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
hm1.put("孙策", "大乔");
hm1.put("周瑜", "小乔");
array.add(hm1);
HashMap<String, String> hm2 = new HashMap<String, String>();
hm2.put("郭靖", "黄蓉");
hm2.put("杨过", "小龙女");
array.add(hm2);
HashMap<String, String> hm3 = new HashMap<String, String>();
hm3.put("令狐冲", "任盈盈");
hm3.put("林平之", "岳灵珊");
array.add(hm3);
for (HashMap<String, String> hm : array) {
Set<String> keySet = hm.keySet();
for (String key : keySet) {
String value = hm.get(key);
System.out.println(key + "," + value);
}
}
}
}
孙策,大乔
周瑜,小乔
杨过,小龙女
郭靖,黄蓉
令狐冲,任盈盈
林平之,岳灵珊
1.6.4集合嵌套之HashMap嵌套ArrayList
- 案例需求
- 创建一个HashMap集合，存储三个键值对元素，每一个键值对元素的键是String，值是ArrayList
- 每一个ArrayList的元素是String，并遍历。
- 代码实现
public class HashMapIncludeArrayListDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<String, ArrayList<String>> hm = new HashMap<String,ArrayList<String>>();
ArrayList<String> sgyy = new ArrayList<String>();
sgyy.add("诸葛亮");
sgyy.add("赵云");
hm.put("三国演义",sgyy);
ArrayList<String> xyj = new ArrayList<String>();
xyj.add("唐僧");
xyj.add("孙悟空");
hm.put("西游记",xyj);
ArrayList<String> shz = new ArrayList<String>();
shz.add("武松");
shz.add("鲁智深");
hm.put("水浒传",shz);
Set<String> keySet = hm.keySet();
for(String key : keySet) {
System.out.println(key);
ArrayList<String> value = hm.get(key);
for(String s : value) {
System.out.println("\t" + s);
}
}
}
}
水浒传
武松
鲁智深
三国演义
诸葛亮
赵云
西游记
唐僧
孙悟空
1.6.5统计字符串中每个字符出现的次数
- 案例需求
- 键盘录入一个字符串，要求统计字符串中每个字符串出现的次数。
- 举例：键盘录入“aababcabcdabcde” 在控制台输出：“a(5)b(4)c(3)d(2)e(1)”
- 代码实现
public class HashMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入一个字符串：");
String line = sc.nextLine();
TreeMap<Character, Integer> hm = new TreeMap<Character, Integer>();
for (int i = 0; i < line.length(); i++) {
char key = line.charAt(i);
Integer value = hm.get(key);
if (value == null) {
hm.put(key,1);
} else {
value++;
hm.put(key,value);
}
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Set<Character> keySet = hm.keySet();
for(Character key : keySet) {
Integer value = hm.get(key);
sb.append(key).append("(").append(value).append(")");
}
String result = sb.toString();
System.out.println(result);
}
}
2.Collections集合工具类
2.1Collections概述和使用【应用】
- Collections类的作用
是针对集合操作的工具类 - Collections类常用方法
| 方法名 | 说明 |
|---|
| public static void sort(List list) | 将指定的列表按升序排序 |
| public static void reverse(List<?> list) | 反转指定列表中元素的顺序 |
| public static void shuffle(List<?> list) | 使用默认的随机源随机排列指定的列表 |
public class CollectionsDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.add(30);
list.add(20);
list.add(50);
list.add(10);
list.add(40);
表
Collections.shuffle(list);
System.out.println(list);
}
}
2.2ArrayList集合存储学生并排序【应用】
- 案例需求
ArrayList存储学生对象，使用Collections对ArrayList进行排序
要求：按照年龄从小到大排序，年龄相同时，按照姓名的字母顺序排序 - 代码实现
-
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
public class CollectionsDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<Student> array = new ArrayList<Student>();
Student s1 = new Student("linqingxia", 30);
Student s2 = new Student("zhangmanyu", 35);
Student s3 = new Student("wangzuxian", 33);
Student s4 = new Student("liuyan", 33);
array.add(s1);
array.add(s2);
array.add(s3);
array.add(s4);
Collections.sort(array, new Comparator<Student>() {
@Override
public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
int num = s1.getAge() - s2.getAge();
int num2 = num == 0 ? s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName()): num;
return num2;
}
});
for (Student s : array) {
System.out.println(s.getName() + "," + s.getAge());
}
}
}
linqingxia,30
liuyan,33
wangzuxian,33
zhangmanyu,35
3.斗地主案例
3.1模拟斗地主案例-普通版本【应用】
- 案例需求
通过程序实现斗地主过程中的洗牌，发牌和看牌 - 代码实现
public class PokerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<String> array = new ArrayList<String>();
String[] colors = {"♦", "♣", "♥", "♠"};
String[] numbers = {"2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K", "A"};
for (String color : colors) {
for (String number : numbers) {
array.add(color + number);
}
}
array.add("小王");
array.add("大王");
Collections.shuffle(array);
ArrayList<String> lqxArray = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> lyArray = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> fqyArray = new ArrayList<String>();
ArrayList<String> dpArray = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < array.size(); i++) {
String poker = array.get(i);
if (i >= array.size() - 3) {
dpArray.add(poker);
} else if (i % 3 == 0) {
lqxArray.add(poker);
} else if (i % 3 == 1) {
lyArray.add(poker);
} else if (i % 3 == 2) {
fqyArray.add(poker);
}
}
lookPoker("林青霞", lqxArray);
lookPoker("柳岩", lyArray);
lookPoker("风清扬", fqyArray);
lookPoker("底牌", dpArray);
}
public static void lookPoker(String name, ArrayList<String> array) {
System.out.print(name + "的牌是：");
for (String poker : array) {
System.out.print(poker + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
3.2模拟斗地主案例-升级版本【应用】
public class PokerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<Integer, String> hm = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
ArrayList<Integer> array = new ArrayList<Integer>();
String[] colors = {"♦", "♣", "♥", "♠"};
String[] numbers = {"3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K", "A", "2"};
int index = 0;
for (String number : numbers) {
for (String color : colors) {
hm.put(index, color + number);
array.add(index);
index++;
}
}
hm.put(index, "小王");
array.add(index);
index++;
hm.put(index, "大王");
array.add(index);
Collections.shuffle(array);
TreeSet<Integer> lqxSet = new TreeSet<Integer>();
TreeSet<Integer> lySet = new TreeSet<Integer>();
TreeSet<Integer> fqySet = new TreeSet<Integer>();
TreeSet<Integer> dpSet = new TreeSet<Integer>();
for (int i = 0; i < array.size(); i++) {
int x = array.get(i);
if (i >= array.size() - 3) {
dpSet.add(x);
} else if (i % 3 == 0) {
lqxSet.add(x);
} else if (i % 3 == 1) {
lySet.add(x);
} else if (i % 3 == 2) {
fqySet.add(x);
}
}
lookPoker("林青霞", lqxSet, hm);
lookPoker("柳岩", lySet, hm);
lookPoker("风清扬", fqySet, hm);
lookPoker("底牌", dpSet, hm);
}
public static void lookPoker(String name, TreeSet<Integer> ts, HashMap<Integer, String> hm) {
System.out.print(name + "的牌是：");
for (Integer key : ts) {
String poker = hm.get(key);
System.out.print(poker + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
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