spring初步尝试

1.创建spring项目以及pom.xml中添加依赖

1.1完成创建项目

在resources中创建lon4j.properties文件，并且添加以下代码

log4j.rootLogger=WARN, stdout, logfile
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n

在resources中继续创建xnlconfig文件夹，在其中创建spring-config-xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="Mike" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.BraveKnight">
        <property name="slayDragonQuest" ref="slayDragonQuest"/>

    </bean>

    <bean id="slayDragonQuest" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.SlayDragonQuest"/>
</beans>

id:可以继续自定义设置，我们可以通过这个id值从Spring容器中获取Bean对象。
class:表明我们需要bean具体实例化的类

property属性：给对象设置属性值
name：bean对象的属性名
ref:已经定义的bean的id值

1.2在pom.xml中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>net.hw.spring</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringDemo2021</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <!-- spring.version -->
        <spring.version>5.3.4</spring.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>



    <dependencies>
        <!--Spring核心-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring Bean-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring容器-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

1.3 后期可能遇见的错误

后期我们可能与Error:java:错误:不支持发行版本5：

因此我们需要配置如下设置

完成以上运行时不不会出现该类异常

2.创建相关类

2.1创建骑士类

public class BraveKnight {
    private SlayDragonQuest slayDragonQuest;

    public void setSlayDragonQuest(SlayDragonQuest slayDragonQuest){
        this.slayDragonQuest = slayDragonQuest;
    }

    public void embarkOnQuest(){
        slayDragonQuest.embark();
    }
}

2.2创建击杀龙类

public class SlayDragonQuest {
    public void embark(){
        System.out.println("执行杀龙任务");
    }
}

3.创建测试类

public class TestBraveKnightNew {

    private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context; // 基于类路径XML配置文件的应用容器

    @Before
    public void init() {
        // 基于Spring配置文件创建应用容器
        context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("xmlconfig/spring-config.xml");
        // 提示用户
        System.out.println("Spring应用容器已创建。");
    }

    @Test
    public void testBraveKnight() {
        // 根据名称从应用容器中获取勇敢骑士对象
        BraveKnight braveKnight = (BraveKnight) context.getBean("Mike");
        // 勇敢骑士执行任务
        braveKnight.embarkOnQuest();
    }

    @After
    public void destroy() {
        // 关闭应用容器
        context.close();
        // 提示用户
        System.out.println("Spring应用容器已关闭。");
    }
}

代码处理结果

4.采用构造函数注入方式给Bean注入属性

4.1 创建类

4.1.1创建救美骑士类

public class DamseLRescuingKnight {
    private RescueDamselQuest rescueDamselQuest;
    public DamseLRescuingKnight(RescueDamselQuest rescueDamselQuest){
        this.rescueDamselQuest = rescueDamselQuest;
    }

    public void embarkOnQuest(){
        rescueDamselQuest.embar();
    }
}

4.1.2 创建救美任务类

public class RescueDamselQuest {
    public void embar(){
        System.out.println("执行救美任务.");
    }
}

4.1.3 普通测试

public class TestDamselRescuingKnightOld {
    @Test
    public void testDamselRescuingKnight(){
        //创建救美任务对象
        RescueDamselQuest rescueDamselQuest = new RescueDamselQuest();
        //创建救美对象
        DamseLRescuingKnight damseLRescuingKnight = new DamseLRescuingKnight(rescueDamselQuest);
        //救美骑士执行任务
        damseLRescuingKnight.embarkOnQuest();
    }
}

执行结果

4.2 spring-config文件中添加以下代码

<bean id="rescueDamselQuest" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.RescueDamselQuest"/>
    <bean id="damselRescuingKnight" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.DamseLRescuingKnight">
        <constructor-arg ref="rescueDamselQuest"/>
    </bean>

4.3用构造函数注入方式继续测试

创建TestDamselRescuingKingNew

public class TestDamselRescuingKnightNew {
    private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context;

    @Before
    public void init(){
        context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("xnlconfig/spring-config01.xml");

        System.out.println("spring应用容器已创建");

    }

    @Test
    public void test1(){
        DamseLRescuingKnight damseLRescuingKnight =(DamseLRescuingKnight) context.getBean("damselRescuingKnight");
        damseLRescuingKnight.embarkOnQuest();
    }

    @After
    public void destroy(){
        context.close();
        System.out.println("容器已经关闭.");

    }
}

思考题

用多个spring配置文件统一创建一个容器
我们可以采用可以采用 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“xmlconfig/spring-config*.xml”);语句基于上述全部Spring配置文件创建一个Spring容器

spring-config01.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="Mike" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.BraveKnight">
        <property name="slayDragonQuest" ref="slayDragonQuest"/>

    </bean>

    <bean id="slayDragonQuest" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.SlayDragonQuest"/>

    <bean id="knight1" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.BraveKnight">
        <property name="slayDragonQuest" ref="slayDragonQuest"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="knight2" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.BraveKnight">
        <property name="slayDragonQuest" ref="slayDragonQuest"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

spring-config02.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="rescueDamselQuest" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.RescueDamselQuest"/>
    <bean id="damselRescuingKnight" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.DamseLRescuingKnight">
        <constructor-arg ref="rescueDamselQuest"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试代码如下：

public class TestKnight {
    private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context;

    @Before
    public void init(){
        context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("xnlconfig/spring-config*.xml");
        System.out.println("spring容器已创建");
    }

    @Test
    public void test1(){
        BraveKnight braveKnight = (BraveKnight) context.getBean("Mike");
        BraveKnight braveKnight1 = (BraveKnight) context.getBean("knight1");
        BraveKnight braveKnight2 = (BraveKnight) context.getBean("knight2");
        DamseLRescuingKnight damseLRescuingKnight =(DamseLRescuingKnight) context.getBean("damselRescuingKnight");


        braveKnight.embarkOnQuest();
        braveKnight1.embarkOnQuest();
        braveKnight2.embarkOnQuest();
        damseLRescuingKnight.embarkOnQuest();

    }

    @After
    public void destroy(){
        context.close();
        System.out.println("spring容器已关闭");
    }
}

测试结果为：