模拟退火算法简单实例

制定一条最短的路径，要你旅行31个城市，每个城市只能经过一次并且最后要回到起点，
MATLAB代码

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%模拟退火算法解决TSP问题%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%初始化%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
tic
clear all;                      %清除所有变量
close all;                      %清图
clc;                            %清屏
C=[1304 2312;         % 城市坐标
    3639 1315;
    4177 2244;
    3712 1399;
    3488 1535;
    3326 1556;
    3238 1229;
    4196 1044;
    4312 790;
    4386 570;
    3007 1970;
    2562 1756;
    2788 1491;
    2381 1676;
    1332 695;
    3715 1678;
    3918 2179;
    4061 2370;
    3780 2212;
    3676 2578;
    4029 2838;
    4263 2931;
    3429 1980;
    3507 2376;
    3394 2643;
    3439 3201;
    2935 3240;
    3140 3550;
    2545 2357;
    2778 2826;
    2370 2975];                  %31个城市坐标
n=size(C,1);                     %TSP问题的规模,即城市数目
T=1000;                           %初始温度
L=100;                           %马可夫链长度
K=0.99;                          %衰减参数
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%城市坐标结构体%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
city=struct([]);                %结构体变量，类似python中的字典
for i=1:n                       %city（i）的值为第i座城市的坐标
    city(i).x=C(i,1);
    city(i).y=C(i,2);
end
l=1;                             %统计迭代次数
len(l)=func3(city,n);            %每次迭代后的路线长度
% figure(1); 
while T>0.001                    %终止温度
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%多次迭代扰动，温度降低之前多次实验%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    for i=1:L            
        %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算原路线总距离%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
        len1=func3(city,n);         
        %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%产生随机扰动%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
        %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%随机置换两个不同的城市的坐标%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
        p1=floor(1+n*rand());           %朝负无穷方向取整，如floor(-1.3)=-2，ceil相反
        p2=floor(1+n*rand());            %
        while p1==p2
            p1=floor(1+n*rand());
            p2=floor(1+n*rand());
        end
        tmp_city=city;
        tmp=tmp_city(p1);
        tmp_city(p1)=tmp_city(p2);
        tmp_city(p2)=tmp;

        %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算新路线总距离%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
        len2=func3(tmp_city,n);     
        %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%新老距离的差值，相当于能量%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
        delta_e=len2-len1;
        %%%%%%%%%%%%新路线好于旧路线，用新路线代替旧路线%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  
        if delta_e<0        
            city=tmp_city;
        else
            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%以概率选择是否接受新解%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
            if exp(-delta_e/T)>rand()
                city=tmp_city;      
            end
        end
    end
    l=l+1;
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算新路线距离%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    len(l)=func3(city,n); 
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%温度不断下降%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
     T=T*K;   
%     for i=1:n-1
%         plot([city(i).x,city(i+1).x],[city(i).y,city(i+1).y],'bo-');
%         hold on;
%     end
%     plot([city(n).x,city(1).x],[city(n).y,city(1).y],'ro-');
%     title(['优化最短距离:',num2str(len(l))]);
%     hold off;
%     pause(0.005);
end
figure(1);
for i=1:n-1
    plot([city(i).x,city(i+1).x],[city(i).y,city(i+1).y],'bo-');
    hold on;
end
plot([city(n).x,city(1).x],[city(n).y,city(1).y],'ro-');
title(['优化最短距离:',num2str(len(l))])
hold off;
figure(2);
plot(len)
% plot(C(:,1),C(:,2),'bo-')以C的第1列为横坐标，第二列为纵坐标
xlabel('迭代次数')
ylabel('目标函数值')
title('路径长变化曲线')
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得出结果