Spring源码分析之 Autowired注解

@Autowired注解来源于英文单词autowire,这个单词的意思是自动装配的意思。自动装配又是什么意思？这个词语本来的意思是指的一些工业上的用机器代替人口，自动将一些需要完成的组装任务，或者别的一些任务完成。而在spring的世界当中，自动装配指的就是使用将Spring容器中的bean自动的和我们需要这个bean的类组装在一起。

项目结构

@Service
public class OrderService {

}


@Service
public class UserService {

}

@Service
public class HelloService {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
}

@ComponentScan
public class DddApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(DddApplication.class);
    }

}

原理解析

@Target({ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Autowired {

	/**
	 * Declares whether the annotated dependency is required.
	 * <p>Defaults to {@code true}.
	 */
	boolean required() default true;

}

如果我们自己设计@Autowired，我们应该怎么实现？我想做法还是比较简单的

• 1.通过反射查找bean的class下所有注解了@Autowired的字段和方法
• 2.获取到字段，通过getBean(字段)获取到对应bean，然后再通过反射调用field的set将bean注入

AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor类是@Autowired的具体实现类

AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor注册

AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的注册是在 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext无参构造创建 AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader 添加的

public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext() {
		StartupStep createAnnotatedBeanDefReader = this.getApplicationStartup().start("spring.context.annotated-bean-reader.create");
		this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);
		createAnnotatedBeanDefReader.end();
		this.scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this);
}

public static Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(
			BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) {

		DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = unwrapDefaultListableBeanFactory(registry);
		
		Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefs = new LinkedHashSet<>(8);

		if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(CONFIGURATION_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
			RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.class);
			def.setSource(source);
			beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, CONFIGURATION_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
		}

		if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
			RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
			def.setSource(source);
			beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
		}

		// Check for JSR-250 support, and if present add the CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.
		if (jsr250Present && !registry.containsBeanDefinition(COMMON_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
			RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
			def.setSource(source);
			beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, COMMON_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
		}

		
		return beanDefs;
	}

AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 执行逻辑

org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#refresh.finishBeanFactoryInitialization

protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
		
		// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
		beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
	}

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#preInstantiateSingletons

public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
		}

		// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.
		// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.
		List<String> beanNames = new ArrayList<>(this.beanDefinitionNames);

		// Trigger initialization of all non-lazy singleton beans...
		for (String beanName : beanNames) {
			RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
			if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {
				if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
					Object bean = getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
					if (bean instanceof FactoryBean) {
						FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) bean;
						boolean isEagerInit;
						if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
							isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged(
									(PrivilegedAction<Boolean>) ((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory)::isEagerInit,
									getAccessControlContext());
						}
						else {
							isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
									((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit());
						}
						if (isEagerInit) {
							getBean(beanName);
						}
					}
				}
				else {
					getBean(beanName);
				}
			}
		}

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean

protected Object doCreateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
			throws BeanCreationException {

		// Instantiate the bean.
		BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
		if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
			instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
		}
		if (instanceWrapper == null) {
			instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
		}
		Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
		Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
		if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
			mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
		}

		

		// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
		// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
		boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
				isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
		if (earlySingletonExposure) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
						"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
			}
			addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
		}

		// Initialize the bean instance.
		Object exposedObject = bean;
		try {
			populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
			exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			
		}

		return exposedObject;
	}

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#populateBean

org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties

	public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
        // 根据BeanName获取注入的元数据
		InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
		try {
			metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
		}
		catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
			
		}
		
		return pvs;
	}

org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata#inject

org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.AutowiredFieldElement#inject

protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
			Field field = (Field) this.member;
			Object value;
			if (this.cached) {
				try {
					value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
				}
				catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
					// Unexpected removal of target bean for cached argument -> re-resolve
					value = resolveFieldValue(field, bean, beanName);
				}
			}
			else {
				value = resolveFieldValue(field, bean, beanName);
			}
            // 通过反射，将value值设置到bean中
			if (value != null) {
				ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
				field.set(bean, value);
			}
		}

org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#doResolveDependency 

	public Object resolveCandidate(String beanName, Class<?> requiredType, BeanFactory beanFactory)
			throws BeansException {

		return beanFactory.getBean(beanName);
	}

回到 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.AutowiredFieldElement#inject

 

总结

在容器启动，为对象赋值的时候，遇到@Autowired注解，会用后置处理器 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor，来创建属性的实例，然后再利用反射机制，将实例化好的属性，赋值给对象上