直接内存概述
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①. 不是虚拟机运行时数据区的一部分,也不是《Java虚拟机规范》中定义的内存区域
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②. 直接内存是Java堆外的、直接向系统申请的内存区间
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③. 代码演示:
/**
* IO NIO (New IO / Non-Blocking IO)
* byte[] / char[] Buffer
* Stream Channel
*
* 查看直接内存的占用与释放
*/
public class BufferTest {
private static final int BUFFER = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;//1GB
public static void main(String[] args){
//直接分配本地内存空间
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(BUFFER);
System.out.println("直接内存分配完毕,请求指示!");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
scanner.next();
System.out.println("直接内存开始释放!");
byteBuffer = null;
System.gc();
scanner.next();
}
}
- ④. 来源于NIO,通过存在堆中的DirectByteBuffer操作Native内存
public class BufferTest1 {
private static final String TO = "d:\\2022.1.24-结业典礼录像.7z";
private static final int _100Mb = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
public static void main(String[] args) {
long sum = 0;
String src = TO;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
String desc = "d:\\2022.1.24-结业典礼录像" + i + ".7z";
// sum += io(src, desc);
sum += directBuffer(src, desc);
}
System.out.println("总共花费的时间:" + sum);
}
/**
* NIO方式
* @param src
* @param desc
* @return
*/
private static long directBuffer(String src, String desc) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
FileChannel inChannel=null;
FileChannel outChannel=null;
try {
inChannel=new FileInputStream(src).getChannel();
outChannel=new FileOutputStream(desc).getChannel();
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(_100Mb);
while (inChannel.read(byteBuffer)!=-1){
byteBuffer.flip();//修改数据模式
outChannel.write(byteBuffer);
byteBuffer.clear();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (inChannel!=null){
try {
inChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (outChannel!=null){
try {
outChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
return end - start;
}
/**
* 传统IO方式
* @param src
* @param desc
* @return
*/
private static long io(String src, String desc) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(src);
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(desc);
int len;
byte[] buffer=new byte[_100Mb];
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
return end - start;
}
}
- ⑤. 通常,访问直接内存的速度会优于Java堆。即读写性能高
- 因此出于性能考虑,读写频繁的场合可能会考虑使用直接内存。
- Java 的 NIO 库允许 Java 程序使用直接内存,用于数据缓冲区
- 也可能导致 OutOfMemoryError 异常
OutOfMemoryError: Direct buffer memory public class BufferTest2 { private static final int BUFFER = 1024 * 1024 * 2;//20mb public static void main(String[] args) { List<ByteBuffer> list = new ArrayList<>(); int count = 0; try { while (true) { ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(BUFFER); list.add(byteBuffer); count++; Thread.sleep(100); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println(count); } }
}
```
由于直接内存在 Java 堆外,因此它的大小不会直接受限于 -Xmx 指定的最大堆大小,但是系统内存是有限的, Java 堆和直接内存的总和依然受限于操作系统能给出的最大内存。
- 缺点
- 分配回收成本较高
- 不受 JVM 内存回收管理
- ⑥. 直接内存大小可以通过MaxDirectMemorySize设置,如果不指定,默认与堆的最大值一Xmx参数值一致
/**
* -Xmx20m -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=10m
*/
public class MaxDirectMemorySize {
private static final long _1MB = 1024 * 1024;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException {
Field unsafeField = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredFields()[0];
unsafeField.setAccessible(true);
Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) unsafeField.get(null);
while (true) {
unsafe.allocateMemory(_1MB);
}
}
}
- ⑦. 简单理解: java process memory = java heap + native memory