springcloud中gateway的使用

学习目标

1、路由

2、断言

3、拦截器

搭建与使用

断言与路由

说明

搭建eureka配置中心7001：我以前的博客里面有

搭建两个生产者8001、8002（测试负载均衡）

搭建gateway服务9527

搭建生产者

8001与8002相同

pom

 <dependencies>
        <!--eureka-client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    # 服务名称
    name: provider-service

eureka:
  client:
    #表示是否将自己注册进EurekaServer默认为true。
    register-with-eureka: true
    #是否从EurekaServer抓取已有的注册信息，默认为true。单节点无所谓，集群必须设置为true才能配合ribbon使用负载均衡
    fetchRegistry: true
    service-url:
      #defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka  # 集群版
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka  # 单机版

启动类

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class Provider8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Provider8001.class,args);
    }
}

业务类

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public String getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        return serverPort+"->"+id;
    }
    
    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/set/{id}")
    public String setPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
        return serverPort+"->"+id;
    }

}

搭建gateway

pom

<dependencies>
        <!--gateway-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--eureka-client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--一般基础配置类-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--cloud整合gateway的时候一定要exclusion webstarter 如果移除了还是不行 
			那我们就自己手动exclusion tomcat 和mvc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

application.yml

server:
  port: 9527

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能，利用微服务名进行路由
      routes:
        - id: payment_routh #payment_route    #路由的ID，没有固定规则但要求唯一，建议配合服务名
          # uri: http://localhost:8001          #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          uri: lb://provider-service     #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/get/**         # 断言，路径相匹配的进行路由

        - id: payment_routh2 #payment_route    #路由的ID，没有固定规则但要求唯一，建议配合服务名
          # uri: http://localhost:8001          #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          uri: lb://provider-service #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
          predicates:
            - Path=/payment/set/**         # 断言，路径相匹配的进行路由

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: cloud-gateway-service
  client: #服务提供者provider注册进eureka服务列表内
    service-url:
      register-with-eureka: true
      fetch-registry: true
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

启动类

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class GateWay9527 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GateWay9527.class,args);
    }

}

启动及测试

启动

启动eureka

启动gateway

启动两个生产者

测试

访问gateway

http://localhost:9527/payment/get/100

8002->100与8002->100轮询出现

说明搭建成功

问题

什么是断言？

我理解的断言类似于正则表达式，我们可以通过断言来使路由匹配到相应的服务。

过滤器

新增过滤器

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.util.Date;

@Component //必须加，必须加，必须加
public class GateWayFilter  implements GlobalFilter,Ordered
{
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain)
    {
        System.out.println("time:"+new Date()+"\t 执行了自定义的全局过滤器: "+"MyLogGateWayFilter"+"hello");

        String uname = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("uname");
        if (uname == null) {
            System.out.println("****用户名为null，无法登录");
            exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
            return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
        }
        return chain.filter(exchange);
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder()
    {
        return 0;
    }
}

测试

http://localhost:9527/payment/get/100

http://localhost:9527/payment/get/100?uname=zhang

第一个后台报错

第二个正常运行

说明配置成功

常见面试题

……