过滤器（Filter）及监听器（Listener）

过滤器：Filter（重点）

Filter：过滤器，用来过滤网站的数据；

• 处理中文乱码
• 登录验证…

步骤：

1. 导包

2. 编写过滤器：注意：导包不要错（javax.servlet下的）

   实现Filter接口，重写对应的方法：

   import javax.servlet.*;
   import java.io.IOException;
   
   public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
   
       //初始化：web服务器启动，就已经初始化了；随时等待过滤器对象的出现
       public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
           System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter初始化");
       }
   
       //Chain：链
       /*
       1. 过滤器中的所有代码，在过滤特定请求的时候都会执行
       2. 必须要让过滤器继续同行
        */
       public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
           servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
           servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
           servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
   
           System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行前......");
           filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse); //使我们的程序继续执行，如果不写，程序到这里会被拦截停止
           System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行前......");
       }
   
       //销毁：web服务器关闭时，过滤会销毁
       public void destroy() {
           System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter销毁");
       }
   }
   
   

3. 在web.xml中配置Filter

   <filter>
           <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
           <filter-class>com.lb.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
       </filter>
       <filter-mapping>
           <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
           <!--只要是/servlet下的任何请求，都会经过这个过滤器-->
           <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
           <!--整个网站都会经过这个过滤器-->
           <!--<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>-->
       </filter-mapping>
   

监听器：Listener

实现一个监听器的接口：有很多种

以Session为例，步骤：

1. 编写一个监听器

   实现监听器的接口

   import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
   
   //统计在线人数：统计session个数：一个session代表一个用户
   public class OnlineCountListener implements HttpSessionListener {
   
       //创建session监听
       //一旦创建session就会触发一次这个事件
       public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
           ServletContext ctx = httpSessionEvent.getSession().getServletContext();
   
           System.out.println(httpSessionEvent.getSession().getId());  //只要进来就输出一个Id
   
           Integer onlineCount= (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("统计在线人数");
   
           if (onlineCount == null) {  //如果在线人数为空，就加1
               onlineCount = new Integer(1);
           } else {
               int count = onlineCount.intValue();
               onlineCount = new Integer(count + 1);
           }
   
           ctx.setAttribute("统计在线人数", onlineCount);
       }
   
       //销毁session监听
       //一旦销毁session就会触发一次这个事件
       public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
           ServletContext ctx = httpSessionEvent.getSession().getServletContext();
   
           Integer onlineCount= (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("统计在线人数");
   
           if (onlineCount == null) {  //如果在线人数为空，就加1
               onlineCount = new Integer(0);
           } else {
               int count = onlineCount.intValue();
               onlineCount = new Integer(count - 1);
           }
   
           ctx.setAttribute("统计在线人数", onlineCount);
   
       }
   }
   
   
   /*
   Session销毁：
   1.手动销毁：getSession().invalidate();
   2.自动销毁：在web.xml中配置
    */
   

   补充：Session销毁：1.手动销毁：getSession().invalidate();

   2.自动销毁：在web.xml中配置

   <!--session自动销毁-->
      <session-config>
          <!--1分钟后session销毁-->
          <session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
      </session-config>
   

2. web.xml注册监听器

   <!--注册监听器-->
       <listener>
           <listener-class>com.lb.listener.OnlineCountListener</listener-class>
       </listener>
   

Filter实现权限拦截

//登录

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取前端请求的参数
        String username = req.getParameter("username");

        if (username.equals("admin")) {  //登录成功
            req.getSession().setAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION,req.getSession().getId());
            resp.sendRedirect("/sys/success.jsp");
        } else {  //登陆失败
            resp.sendRedirect("/error.jsp");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

//登录失败

public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Object user_session = req.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION);

        if (user_session != null) {
            req.getSession().removeAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION);
            resp.sendRedirect("/Login.jsp");
        } else {
            resp.sendRedirect("/Login.jsp");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

//添加过滤器

public class SysFilter implements Filter {
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;

        if (request.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION) == null) {
            response.sendRedirect("/error.jsp");
        }

        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);  //Chain：链：让程序继续往下走
    }

    public void destroy() {

    }
}