12.JAVA反射机制
12.1 反射的概述
public class Main {
@Test
public void test1(){
Person p = new Person("Tom", 12);
p.age=10;
p.show();
}
@Test
public void test2() throws Exception{
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Constructor<Person> cons = clazz.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
Person p = cons.newInstance("Tom", 12);
System.out.println(p);
Field age = clazz.getDeclaredField("age");
age.set(p,10);
System.out.println(p);
Method show = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("show");
show.invoke(p);
Constructor<Person> cons1 = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
cons1.setAccessible(true);
Person p1 = cons1.newInstance("Jerry");
System.out.println(p1);
Field name = clazz.getDeclaredField("name");
name.setAccessible(true);
name.set(p1,"Marry");
System.out.println(p1);
Method showNation = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("showNation", String.class);
showNation.setAccessible(true);
String nation = (String) showNation.invoke(p1, "中国");
System.out.println(nation);
}
@Test
public void test3(){
for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
int num=new Random().nextInt(3);
String classPath="";
switch (num){
case 0:
classPath="java.util.Date";
break;
case 1:
classPath="java.lang.Object";
break;
case 2:
classPath="jiple.Person";
break;
}
Object instance = null;
try {
instance = getInstance(classPath);
System.out.println(instance);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
public Object getInstance(String classPath) throws Exception{
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(classPath);
return clazz.newInstance();
}
}
class Person{
private String name;
public int age;
private Person(String name){
this.name=name;
}
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
private String showNation(String nation){
System.out.println("我的国籍是:"+nation);
return nation;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println("你好,我是一个人");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
12.2 Class类的理解
public class Main {
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception{
Class<Person> clazz1 = Person.class;
System.out.println(clazz1);
Person p1 = new Person();
Class<? extends Person> clazz2 = p1.getClass();
System.out.println(clazz2);
Class<?> clazz3 = Class.forName("jiple.Person");
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
System.out.println(clazz3);
System.out.println(clazz);
ClassLoader classLoader = Main.class.getClassLoader();
Class<?> clazz4 = classLoader.loadClass("jiple.Person");
System.out.println(clazz4);
System.out.println(clazz1 == clazz2);
System.out.println(clazz1 == clazz3);
System.out.println(clazz1 == clazz4);
}
@Test
public void test2(){
Class c1 = Object.class;
Class c2 = Comparable.class;
Class c3 = String[].class;
Class c4 = int[][].class;
Class c5 = ElementType.class;
Class c6 = Override.class;
Class c7 = int.class;
Class c8 = void.class;
Class c9 = Class.class;
int[] a = new int[10];
int[] b = new int[100];
Class c10 = a.getClass();
Class c11 = b.getClass();
System.out.println(c10);
System.out.println(c11);
System.out.println(c10 == c11);
}
}
class Person{
private String name;
public int age;
private Person(String name){
this.name=name;
}
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
private String showNation(String nation){
System.out.println("我的国籍是:"+nation);
return nation;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println("你好,我是一个人");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
12.3 了解ClassLoader
public class Main {
@Test
public void test1(){
ClassLoader classLoader = Main.class.getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
ClassLoader classLoader1 = classLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(classLoader1);
ClassLoader classLoader2 = classLoader1.getParent();
System.out.println(classLoader2);
ClassLoader classLoader3 = String.class.getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader3);
}
@Test
public void test2(){
InputStream is= null;
try {
Properties pros = new Properties();
ClassLoader classLoader = Main.class.getClassLoader();
is = classLoader.getResourceAsStream("jdbc1.properties");
pros.load(is);
String name = pros.getProperty("name");
String password = pros.getProperty("password");
System.out.println("user = "+name+",password = "+password);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
if(is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}
}
12.4 反射应用一:创建运行时类的对象
public class Main {
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Person person = clazz.newInstance();
System.out.println(person);
}
}
class Person{
private String name;
public int age;
private Person(String name){
this.name=name;
}
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
private String showNation(String nation){
System.out.println("我的国籍是:"+nation);
return nation;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println("你好,我是一个人");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
12.5 反射应用二:获取运行时类的完整结构
class Creature<T> implements Serializable{
private char gender;
public double weight;
private void breath(){
System.out.println("生物呼吸");
}
public void eat(){
System.out.println("生物吃东西");
}
}
interface MyInterface{
void info();
}
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({TYPE, FIELD, METHOD, PARAMETER, CONSTRUCTOR, LOCAL_VARIABLE})
@interface MyAnnotation{
String value() default "hello";
}
@MyAnnotation("hi")
class Person extends Creature<String> implements Comparable<String>,MyInterface{
private String name;
int age;
public int id;
@MyAnnotation("abc")
private Person(String name){
this.name=name;
}
Person(String name,int age){
this.name=name;
this.age=age;
}
public Person(){
}
@MyAnnotation
private String show(String nation){
System.out.println("我的国籍是:"+nation);
return nation;
}
String display(String interests){
return interests;
}
@Override
public void info() {
System.out.println("我是一个人");
}
@Override
public int compareTo(String o) {
return 0;
}
}
public class Main {
@Test
public void test1(){
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Field[] fields = clazz.getFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field);
}
System.out.println();
Field[] declaredFields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : declaredFields) {
System.out.println(field);
}
}
@Test
public void test2(){
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Field[] declaredFields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : declaredFields) {
int modifiers = field.getModifiers();
System.out.print(Modifier.toString(modifiers)+"\t");
Class<?> type = field.getType();
System.out.print(type.getName()+"\t");
String fieldName = field.getName();
System.out.print(fieldName);
System.out.println();
}
}
@Test
public void test3(){
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println(method);
}
System.out.println();
Method[] declaredMethods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method method : declaredMethods) {
System.out.println(method);
}
}
@Test
public void test4(){
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Method[] declaredMethods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method method : declaredMethods) {
Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
System.out.print(Modifier.toString(modifiers)+"\t");
Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();
System.out.print(returnType.getName()+"\t");
String name = method.getName();
System.out.print(name);
System.out.print("(");
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
if(!(parameterTypes==null&¶meterTypes.length==0)){
for(int i=0;i<parameterTypes.length;i++){
if(i==parameterTypes.length-1){
System.out.print(parameterTypes[i].getName()+" args_"+i);
break;
}
System.out.print(parameterTypes[i].getName()+" args_"+i+",");
}
}
System.out.print(")");
Class<?>[] exceptionTypes = method.getExceptionTypes();
if(exceptionTypes.length>0){
System.out.print("throws ");
for(int i=0;i<exceptionTypes.length;i++){
if(i == exceptionTypes.length-1){
System.out.println(exceptionTypes[i].getName());
break;
}
System.out.println(exceptionTypes[i].getName()+",");
}
}
System.out.println();
}
}
@Test
public void test5(){
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Constructor<?>[] constructors = clazz.getConstructors();
for (Constructor<?> constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
System.out.println();
Constructor<?>[] declaredConstructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor<?> constructor : declaredConstructors) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
}
@Test
public void test6(){
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Class<? super Person> superclass = clazz.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(superclass);
}
@Test
public void test7(){
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Type genericSuperclass = clazz.getGenericSuperclass();
System.out.println(genericSuperclass);
}
@Test
public void test8(){
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Type genericSuperclass = clazz.getGenericSuperclass();
ParameterizedType paramType = (ParameterizedType) genericSuperclass;
Type[] actualTypeArguments = paramType.getActualTypeArguments();
System.out.println(actualTypeArguments[0].getTypeName());
}
@Test
public void test9(){
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Class<?>[] interfaces = clazz.getInterfaces();
for (Class<?> anInterface : interfaces) {
System.out.println(anInterface);
}
System.out.println();
Class<?>[] interfaces1 = clazz.getSuperclass().getInterfaces();
for (Class<?> aClass : interfaces1) {
System.out.println(aClass);
}
}
@Test
public void test10(){
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Package pack = clazz.getPackage();
System.out.println(pack);
}
@Test
public void test11(){
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Annotation[] annotations = clazz.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
}
}
12.6 反射应用三:调用运行时类的指定结构
class Creature<T> implements Serializable{
private char gender;
public double weight;
private void breath(){
System.out.println("生物呼吸");
}
public void eat(){
System.out.println("生物吃东西");
}
}
interface MyInterface{
void info();
}
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({TYPE, FIELD, METHOD, PARAMETER, CONSTRUCTOR, LOCAL_VARIABLE})
@interface MyAnnotation{
String value() default "hello";
}
@MyAnnotation("hi")
class Person extends Creature<String> implements Comparable<String>,MyInterface{
private String name;
int age;
public int id;
@MyAnnotation("abc")
private Person(String name){
this.name=name;
}
Person(String name,int age){
this.name=name;
this.age=age;
}
public Person(){
}
@MyAnnotation
private String show(String nation){
System.out.println("我的国籍是:"+nation);
return nation;
}
String display(String interests){
return interests;
}
@Override
public void info() {
System.out.println("我是一个人");
}
@Override
public int compareTo(String o) {
return 0;
}
private static void showDesc(){
System.out.println("我是一个可爱的人");
}
}
public class Main {
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception{
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Person person = clazz.newInstance();
Field name = clazz.getDeclaredField("name");
name.setAccessible(true);
name.set(person,"Tom");
System.out.println(name.get(person));
}
@Test
public void test2() throws Exception{
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Person person = clazz.newInstance();
Method show = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("show", String.class);
show.setAccessible(true);
String returnValue = (String)show.invoke(person, "CHN");
System.out.println(returnValue);
System.out.println("*****如何调用静态方法******");
Method showDesc = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("showDesc");
showDesc.setAccessible(true);
Object returnVal = showDesc.invoke(Person.class);
System.out.println(returnVal);
}
@Test
public void test3() throws Exception{
Class<Person> clazz = Person.class;
Constructor<Person> constructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
constructor.setAccessible(true);
Person person = constructor.newInstance("Tom");
System.out.println(person);
}
}
12.7 反射应用四:动态代理
interface ClothFactory{
void produceCloth();
}
class NikeClothFactory implements ClothFactory{
@Override
public void produceCloth() {
System.out.println("Nike工厂生产一批运动服");
}
}
class ProxyClothFactory implements ClothFactory{
private ClothFactory factory;
public ProxyClothFactory(ClothFactory factory) {
this.factory = factory;
}
@Override
public void produceCloth() {
System.out.println("代理工厂做一些准备工作");
factory.produceCloth();
System.out.println("代理工厂做一些后续的收尾工作");
}
}
public class Main {
@Test
public void test1(){
ClothFactory nike = new NikeClothFactory();
ClothFactory proxyClothFactory = new ProxyClothFactory(nike);
proxyClothFactory.produceCloth();
}
}
interface Human{
String getBelief();
void eat(String food);
}
class SuperMan implements Human{
@Override
public String getBelief() {
return "I believe I can fly!";
}
@Override
public void eat(String food) {
System.out.println("我喜欢吃"+food);
}
}
class HumanUtil{
public void method1(){
System.out.println("通用方法一");
}
public void method2(){
System.out.println("通用方法二");
}
}
class ProxyFactory{
public static Object getProxyInstance(Object obj){
MyInvocationHandler myInvocationHandler = new MyInvocationHandler(obj);
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(obj.getClass().getClassLoader(),obj.getClass().getInterfaces(),myInvocationHandler);
}
}
class MyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler{
private Object object;
public MyInvocationHandler(Object object) {
this.object = object;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
HumanUtil util = new HumanUtil();
util.method1();
Object returnValue = method.invoke(object, args);
util.method2();
return returnValue;
}
}
public class Main {
@Test
public void test(){
SuperMan superMan = new SuperMan();
Human proxyInstance = (Human)ProxyFactory.getProxyInstance(superMan);
String belief = proxyInstance.getBelief();
System.out.println(belief);
proxyInstance.eat("四川麻辣烫");
System.out.println("*****************");
NikeClothFactory nikeClothFactory = new NikeClothFactory();
ClothFactory clothFactory = (ClothFactory)ProxyFactory.getProxyInstance(nikeClothFactory);
clothFactory.produceCloth();
}
}
interface ClothFactory{
void produceCloth();
}
class NikeClothFactory implements ClothFactory{
@Override
public void produceCloth() {
System.out.println("Nike工厂生产一批运动服");
}
}