PAT (Advanced Level) Practice 1012 The Best Rank 论如何把代码写成自己逐渐看不懂得样子

1012 The Best Rank (25 分)
To evaluate the performance of our first year CS majored students, we consider their grades of three courses only: C - C Programming Language, M - Mathematics (Calculus or Linear Algrbra), and E - English. At the mean time, we encourage students by emphasizing on their best ranks – that is, among the four ranks with respect to the three courses and the average grade, we print the best rank for each student.

For example, The grades of C, M, E and A - Average of 4 students are given as the following:

StudentID C M E A
310101 98 85 88 90
310102 70 95 88 84
310103 82 87 94 88
310104 91 91 91 91
Then the best ranks for all the students are No.1 since the 1st one has done the best in C Programming Language, while the 2nd one in Mathematics, the 3rd one in English, and the last one in average.

Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a line containing 2 numbers N and M (≤2000), which are the total number of students, and the number of students who would check their ranks, respectively. Then N lines follow, each contains a student ID which is a string of 6 digits, followed by the three integer grades (in the range of [0, 100]) of that student in the order of C, M and E. Then there are M lines, each containing a student ID.

Output Specification:
For each of the M students, print in one line the best rank for him/her, and the symbol of the corresponding rank, separated by a space.

The priorities of the ranking methods are ordered as A > C > M > E. Hence if there are two or more ways for a student to obtain the same best rank, output the one with the highest priority.

If a student is not on the grading list, simply output N/A.

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <map>
using namespace std;

const int maxn=10000;
struct stu{
	string sno;
	int grade[4];//ACME
	int rank[4];
}Stu[maxn];

map<string,int> strToInt;
int Rank[4][maxn];
int N,M;
int now;

bool cmp(int a,int b){
	return Stu[a].grade[now]>Stu[b].grade[now];
}

int main(void){
	cin >>N>>M;
	for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
		string s;
		cin>> s;
		strToInt[s]=i;
		Stu[i].sno=s;
		cin>> Stu[i].grade[1] >>Stu[i].grade[2] >>Stu[i].grade[3];
		Stu[i].grade[0]=Stu[i].grade[1] +Stu[i].grade[2] +Stu[i].grade[3];
	}
	
	for(int j=0;j<4;j++){
		for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
			Rank[j][i]=i;
		}
		now=j;
		sort(Rank[j],Rank[j]+N,cmp);
		Stu[Rank[j][0]].rank[now]=1;
		for(int i=1;i<N;i++){
			if(Stu[Rank[j][i]].grade[now]==Stu[Rank[j][i-1]].grade[now])
				Stu[Rank[j][i]].rank[now]=Stu[Rank[j][i-1]].rank[now];
			else{
				Stu[Rank[j][i]].rank[now]=i+1;
			}
		}
	} 
	
	string query;
	for(int i=0;i<M;i++){
		cin >> query;
		if(strToInt.find(query)!=strToInt.end()){
			int Min=maxn,cno,Q=strToInt[query];
			for(int j=0;j<4;j++){
				if(Stu[Q].rank[j]<Min){
					Min=Stu[Q].rank[j];
					cno=j;
				}
			}
			string s;
			switch(cno){
				case 0: 
					s="A";
					break;
				case 1:
					s="C";
					break;
				case 2:
					s="M";
					break;
				case 3:
					s="E";
					break;
			}
			cout << Min<<  " "<< s<<endl;
		}else{
			cout << "N/A" <<endl;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}