2.多线程之同步锁

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已于 2023-11-13 15:35:29 修改

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文章标签： java 开发语言

于 2023-06-07 15:39:46 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_47039303/article/details/131088713

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1.死锁,多个线程互相抱着对方的资源,形成僵持 (口红和镜子的例子)

解决方法: 不要在锁中加锁,不用同一把锁

2.Lock锁(显式定义同步锁对象)(只能锁代码块,性能好[较少时间调度线程],拓展性强)
1.ReentrantLock可重入锁

private final ReentrantLock =new ReentrantLock();
      
    try{
               lock.lock();
   }finnally{
            lock.unlock();       
     
   }

使用顺序  Lock>同步代码块>同步方法

public class LockTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Sell sell = new Sell();
        new Thread(sell,"a1").start();
        new Thread(sell,"a2").start();
    }

}
class Sell implements Runnable{
    int ticket=100;
    private final ReentrantLock lock=new ReentrantLock();
    Sell(){
    }


    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            if(ticket>0){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                    lock.lock();
                    System.out.println("线程"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"抢到了"+ticket--);

                    lock.unlock();


            }
            
        }


    }
}
}

3.线程协作生产者消费者问题(都是使用synchronized方法单独创建生产者和消费者)
使用wait()和notifyAll() 方法

wait（）只能通过notify唤醒，
notify唤醒的是第一个进入等待的线程，先进先出队列
notifyAll（）唤醒所有线程我，最后进入等待的线程最先被唤醒：后进先出栈

并发协作模型----管程法(消费者不能直接拿到生产者的信息,需要缓冲区,加锁拿,生产者和消费者分别写)

public class ManageThreadWay {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Container container = new Container();
        new Customer(container).start();
        new Producer(container).start();



    }
}


class Producer extends Thread{
    Container container;
    Producer(Container container){
            this.container=container;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

            try {
                System.out.println("生产了第"+i+"只鸡");
                container.push(new Chicken(i));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }




}
class Customer extends Thread{
    Container container;
    Customer(Container container){
        this.container=container;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了第"+i+"只鸡");
            try {
                container.pop();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }


}

class Container{
    Chicken[] chickens=new Chicken[10];
    int count=0;
    Container(){

    }
    //出栈
    public synchronized Chicken  pop() throws InterruptedException {
        if (count==0){
            this.wait();
        }
        System.out.println("消费"+count);
        count--;
        Chicken chicken=chickens[count];
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;

    }

    //入栈
    public synchronized void  push(Chicken chicken) throws InterruptedException {
        //如果栈满,则等待消费
        if(count == chickens.length){
            this.wait();
        }
        System.out.println("生产"+count);
        chickens[count]=chicken;
        count++;

        this.notifyAll();

    }





}


class Chicken {
    int id;
    String name;
    Chicken(){


    }
    Chicken(int id){
        this.id=id;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

并发协作模型----信号灯法(true和false)红灯停绿灯行 ,生产者如果true生产后唤醒线程,如果false等待

 public class LightWay {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Container1 container1 = new Container1();
        new Producer1(container1).start();
        new Customer1(container1).start();
        
    }
}

class Producer1 extends Thread{
    Container1 container1;
    Producer1(Container1 container1){
        this.container1=container1;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

            container1.set(i+"");

        }
    }
}
class Customer1 extends Thread{
    Container1 container1;
    Customer1(Container1 container1){
        this.container1=container1;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

            try {
                container1.get();

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
class Container1{
    boolean flag=true;  //代表是否可以消费
    String thing="";
    public synchronized void set(String thing)  {
        if(!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("生产了"+thing);
        this.thing=thing;
        this.flag=!flag;
        this.notifyAll();

    }
    public synchronized void get() throws InterruptedException {
        if(flag){
            this.wait();
        }
        System.out.println("消费了"+thing);
        this.flag=!flag;
        this.notifyAll();

    }

}

4.线程池(提前创建线程,不用一直创建和销毁导致性能消耗,重复利用资源)

好处: 通过响应速度减低资源消耗便于线程管理
(设置池大小corePoolSize,最大线程数maxiumPoolSize,没有任务多久关闭线程KeepAliveTime)
线程池类 Excutor和ExecutorService 和Callable使用一样
ExecutorService service=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);//线程池大小,不能设置太多,可能有有异常产生…
service.execute(new xxMyThread());//实现了Runnable接口的类