第三课 java算术运算

java算术运算

一、数据类型中补充的小问题
1、定义long、float时要注意

在定义long或者float类型变量的时候,要加L或者f。整数默认是int类型,浮点数默认是double

byte:short在定义的时候,他们接收的其实是一个int类型的值。这个是自己做了一个数据检测,如果检测到不在short范围内,就会报错

2、byte值的问题

byte范围:-128 ~ 127

byte b1=127;         //正赋值不会报错
byte b2=(byte)128;   //强制类型转换 出现精度损失 真正存储的值为-128

也就是说强制给byte存储超出范围的数据就会绕回来

比如存128 对应实际是-128

​ 存129 对应实际是-127
取值示意图

3、数据类型转换之默认转换

(1)byte,short,char —— int —— long —— float —— double

  • byte short 只要参与运算一律默认转化为int类型:eg. short s=1; s=s+1;会报错 因为“s+1“是int类型,要强制类型转换之后才能赋给s
  • 但是如果是short s=1;
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/****************************************** * Made by : ff * QQ : 394447974 * E_Mail : [email protected] * http://tech.cuit.edu.cn * 2007-12-01 21:45 * 简单计算器 Test V1.0 *******************************************/ import java.awt.*; import java.lang.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.event.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.text.DecimalFormat; public class Calculator implements ActionListener { //导入动作监听接口 //设计面板的单位 JFrame frame;//主窗口 JTextField textAnswer;//显示文本框 JPanel panel, panel1, panel2, panel3; JMenuBar mainMenu; JTextField textMemory; JLabel labelMemSpace; //labelMemSpace单纯摆设,控制面板的形状 JButton buttonBk, buttonCe, buttonC; JButton button[]; JButton buttonMC, buttonMR, buttonMS, buttonMAdd; JButton buttonDot, buttonAddAndSub, buttonAdd, buttonSub, buttonMul, buttonDiv, buttonMod; JButton buttonSqrt, buttonDao, buttonEqual; JMenu viewMenu, helpMenu; JMenuItem tItem, sItem, topHelp, aboutCal; DecimalFormat df; //设置数据输出精度 boolean clickable; //控制当前能否按键 double memoryd; //使用内存存储的数字 int memoryi; double vard, answerd; //用来保存double型数据的间值(vard)和最后结果(answerd) short key = -1, prekey = -1; //key用来保存当前进行何种运算,prekey用来保存前次进行何种运算 String copy; //复制用 JTextArea help; //帮助 JScrollPane scrollHelp; //构造函数 public Calculator() { clickable = true; answerd = 0; frame = new JFrame("计算器 Test--V1.0 Made by:ff"); df = new DecimalFormat("0.00000000"); //设置数据输出精度(对于double型值) textAnswer = new JTextField(15); textAnswer.setText(""); textAnswer.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.RIGHT); textAnswer.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.red)); textAnswer.setEditable(false); textAnswer.setBackground(new Color(255, 255, 255)); panel = new JPanel(); frame.getContentPane().add(panel); panel1 = new JPanel(); panel2 = new JPanel(); panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); //设计整个面板 mainMenu = new JMenuBar(); viewMenu = new JMenu("查看(V)"); helpMenu = new JMenu("帮助(H)"); tItem = new JMenuItem("●标准型(T)"); tItem.addActionListener(this); sItem = new JMenuItem("●科学型(S)"); sItem.addActionListener(this); viewMenu.add(tItem); viewMenu.add(sItem); topHelp = new JMenuItem(" 帮助主题(H)"); topHelp.addActionListener(this); help = new JTextArea(5, 20); scrollHelp = new JScrollPane(help); help.setEditable(false); help.append("执行简单计算\n"); help.append("1. 键入计算的第一个数字。\n"); help.append("2. 单击“+”执行加、“-”执行减、“*”执行乘或“/”执行除。\n"); help.append("3. 键入计算的下一个数字。\n"); help.append("4. 输入所有剩余的运算符和数字。\n"); help.append("5. 单击“=”。\n"); aboutCal = new JMenuItem(" 关于计算器(A)"); aboutCal.addActionListener(this); helpMenu.add(topHelp); helpMenu.add(aboutCal); mainMenu.add(viewMenu); mainMenu.add(helpMenu); panel.add(mainMenu, BorderLayout.NORTH); panel.add(textAnswer, BorderLayout.CENTER); panel.add(panel1, BorderLayout.SOUTH); panel1.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); textMemory = new JTextField(3); textMemory.setEditable(false); textMemory.setBackground(new Color(217, 217, 217)); labelMemSpace = new JLabel(" "); buttonBk = new JButton("Backspace"); buttonBk.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); buttonCe = new JButton("CE"); buttonCe.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); buttonC = new JButton("C"); buttonC.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); buttonBk.addActionListener(this); buttonCe.addActionListener(this); buttonC.addActionListener(this); panel1.add(panel2, BorderLayout.NORTH); panel2.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT)); panel2.add(textMemory); panel2.add(labelMemSpace); panel2.add(buttonBk); panel2.add(buttonCe); panel2.add(buttonC); panel3 = new JPanel(); panel1.add(panel3, BorderLayout.CENTER); button = new JButton[10]; for (int i = 0; i < button.length; i++) { button[i] = new JButton(Integer.toString(i)); button[i].setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255)); } buttonMC = new JButton("MC"); buttonMC.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); buttonMR = new JButton("MR"); buttonMR.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); buttonMS = new JButton("MS"); buttonMS.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); buttonMAdd = new JButton("M+"); buttonMAdd.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); buttonDot = new JButton("."); buttonDot.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255)); buttonAddAndSub = new JButton("+/-"); buttonAddAndSub.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255)); buttonAdd = new JButton("+"); buttonAdd.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); buttonSub = new JButton("-"); buttonSub.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); buttonMul = new JButton("*"); buttonMul.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); buttonDiv = new JButton("/"); buttonDiv.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); buttonMod = new JButton("%"); buttonMod.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255)); buttonSqrt = new JButton("sqrt"); buttonSqrt.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255)); buttonDao = new JButton("1/x"); buttonDao.setForeground(new Color(0, 0, 255)); buttonEqual = new JButton("="); buttonEqual.setForeground(new Color(255, 0, 0)); //将所有行为与监听绑定 panel3.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 6)); panel3.add(buttonMC); buttonMC.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(button[7]); button[7].addActionListener(this); panel3.add(button[8]); button[8].addActionListener(this); panel3.add(button[9]); button[9].addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonDiv); buttonDiv.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonSqrt); buttonSqrt.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonMR); buttonMR.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(button[4]); button[4].addActionListener(this); panel3.add(button[5]); button[5].addActionListener(this); panel3.add(button[6]); button[6].addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonMul); buttonMul.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonMod); buttonMod.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonMS); buttonMS.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(button[1]); button[1].addActionListener(this); panel3.add(button[2]); button[2].addActionListener(this); panel3.add(button[3]); button[3].addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonSub); buttonSub.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonDao); buttonDao.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonMAdd); buttonMAdd.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(button[0]); button[0].addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonAddAndSub); buttonAddAndSub.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonDot); buttonDot.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonAdd); buttonAdd.addActionListener(this); panel3.add(buttonEqual); buttonEqual.addActionListener(this); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(frame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.pack(); frame.show(); } //设置各个按钮行为 public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { boolean sign = false; //判断是否是double型数参与运算,是为true,不是为false Object temp = event.getSource(); try { //如果按下数据按钮,将按下的按钮代表的数据插入的当前文本框字符串之后 for (int i = 0; i <= 9; i++) if (temp == button[i] && clickable == true) textAnswer.setText(textAnswer.getText() + Integer.toString(i)); //按下'.'按钮时,判断当前文本框内字符串含不含'.',如果已含,则不允许再插入'.' if (temp == buttonDot && clickable == true) { boolean isDot = false; if (textAnswer.getText().length() == 0) isDot = true; for (int i = 0; i < textAnswer.getText().length(); i++) if ('.' == textAnswer.getText().charAt(i)) { isDot = true; break; } if (isDot == false) textAnswer.setText(textAnswer.getText() + "."); } if ( (temp == buttonAdd || temp == buttonSub || temp == buttonMul || temp == buttonDiv) && clickable == true) { //'+'操作 if (temp == buttonAdd) { switch (prekey) { case 0: answerd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 1: answerd -= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 2: answerd *= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 3: if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) { textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零"); clickable = false; } else answerd /= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; default: answerd = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); } textAnswer.setText(""); prekey = key = 0; } //'-'操作 if (temp == buttonSub) { switch (prekey) { case 0: answerd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 1: answerd -= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 2: answerd *= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 3: if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) { textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零"); clickable = false; } else answerd /= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; default: answerd = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); } textAnswer.setText(""); prekey = key = 1; } //'*'操作 if (temp == buttonMul) { switch (prekey) { case 0: answerd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 1: answerd -= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 2: answerd *= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 3: if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) { textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零"); clickable = false; } else answerd /= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; default: answerd = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); } textAnswer.setText(""); prekey = key = 2; } //'/'操作 if (temp == buttonDiv) { switch (prekey) { case 0: answerd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 1: answerd -= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 2: answerd *= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; case 3: if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) { textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零"); clickable = false; } else answerd /= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); break; default: answerd = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); } textAnswer.setText(""); prekey = key = 3; } } //'='操作 if (temp == buttonEqual && clickable == true) { //如果连续按'=',则进行连续运算 if (prekey == 5) { if (key == 0) { answerd += vard; textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd)); } if (key == 1) { answerd -= vard; textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd)); } if (key == 2) { answerd *= vard; textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd)); } if (key == 3) { if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) { textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零"); clickable = false; } else { answerd /= vard; textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd)); } } } else { vard = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); if (key == 0) { prekey = -1; answerd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd)); } if (key == 1) { prekey = -1; answerd -= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd)); } if (key == 2) { prekey = -1; answerd *= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd)); } if (key == 3) { prekey = -1; if (Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()) == 0) { textAnswer.setText("除数不能为零"); clickable = false; } else { answerd /= Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); textAnswer.setText(df.format(answerd)); } } } prekey = 5; } //'%'操作,对第二个操作数除以100 if (temp == buttonMod && clickable == true) { if (answerd == 0) { String s = textAnswer.getText(); textAnswer.setText(s); } else { boolean isDot = false; for (int i = 0; i < textAnswer.getText().length(); i++) if ('.' == textAnswer.getText().charAt(i)) { isDot = true; break; } //如果是double数,除100 if (isDot == true) { double dtemp = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); dtemp = dtemp / 100.0; textAnswer.setText(Double.toString(dtemp)); } else { //如果是int数但能被100整除,则去掉末尾两个零 if (Integer.parseInt(textAnswer.getText()) % 100 == 0) { int itemp = Integer.parseInt(textAnswer.getText()); itemp /= 100; textAnswer.setText(Integer.toString(itemp)); } //如果是int数,但不能被100整除,则按double数处理 else { double dtemp = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); dtemp = dtemp / 100.0; textAnswer.setText(Double.toString(dtemp)); } } } } //开根号运算 if (temp == buttonSqrt && clickable == true) { String s = textAnswer.getText(); if (s.charAt(0) == '-') { textAnswer.setText("负数不能开根号"); clickable = false; } else textAnswer.setText(Double.toString(java.lang.Math.sqrt(Double. parseDouble(textAnswer.getText())))); } //倒数运算 if (temp == buttonDao && clickable == true) { if (textAnswer.getText().charAt(0) == '0' && textAnswer.getText().length() == 1) { textAnswer.setText("零不能求倒数"); clickable = false; } else { boolean isDec = true; int i, j, k; String s = Double.toString(1 / Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText())); for (i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) if (s.charAt(i) == '.') break; for (j = i + 1; j < s.length(); j++) if (s.charAt(j) != '0') { isDec = false; break; } if (isDec == true) { String stemp = ""; for (k = 0; k < i; k++) stemp += s.charAt(k); textAnswer.setText(stemp); } else textAnswer.setText(s); } } //按下'+/-'按钮时处理 if (temp == buttonAddAndSub && clickable == true) { boolean isNumber = true; String s = textAnswer.getText(); for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) if (! (s.charAt(i) >= '0' && s.charAt(i) <= '9' || s.charAt(i) == '.' || s.charAt(i) == '-')) { isNumber = false; break; } if (isNumber == true) { //如果当前字符串首字母有'-'号,代表现在是个负数,再按下时,则将首符号去掉 if (s.charAt(0) == '-') { textAnswer.setText(""); for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++) { char a = s.charAt(i); textAnswer.setText(textAnswer.getText() + a); } } //如果当前字符串第一个字符不是符号,则添加一个符号在首字母处 else textAnswer.setText('-' + s); } } //计算器有关内存操作 //'MC'的操作,将内存清0 if (temp == buttonMC && clickable == true) { memoryd = memoryi = 0; textMemory.setText(""); } //'MS'的操作,将当前文本框内容保存入内存,显示'M' if (temp == buttonMS && clickable == true) { boolean isDot = false; textMemory.setText(" M"); for (int i = 0; i < textAnswer.getText().length(); i++) if ('.' == textAnswer.getText().charAt(i)) { isDot = true; break; } //如果是double,则存入memoryd(double存储器) if (isDot == true) { memoryd = Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); memoryi = 0; //保证存储器存放最新的值 } //如果是int,则存入memoryi(int存储器) else { memoryi = Integer.parseInt(textAnswer.getText()); memoryd = 0; //保证存储器存放最新的值 } } //'MR'的操作,将存储器的信息输出 if (temp == buttonMR && clickable == true) { if (memoryd != 0) textAnswer.setText(Double.toString(memoryd)); if (memoryi != 0) textAnswer.setText(Integer.toString(memoryi)); } //'M+'的功能,将当前文本框里的数据和存储器数据相加后,再存入存储器 if (temp == buttonMAdd && clickable == true) { boolean isDot = false; for (int i = 0; i < textAnswer.getText().length(); i++) if ('.' == textAnswer.getText().charAt(i)) { isDot = true; break; } if (memoryi != 0) { //存储是一个int型数 if (isDot == false) //被加数是一个int型数 memoryi += Integer.parseInt(textAnswer.getText()); else { //被加数是一个double型数,则将int存储器数传入double存储器与当前数相加,int存储器清零 memoryd = memoryi + Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); memoryi = 0; } } else memoryd += Double.parseDouble(textAnswer.getText()); } //按下'Backspace'键,利用循环将当前字符串的最后一个字母删除 if (temp == buttonBk && clickable == true) { String s = textAnswer.getText(); textAnswer.setText(""); for (int i = 0; i < s.length() - 1; i++) { char a = s.charAt(i); textAnswer.setText(textAnswer.getText() + a); } } //按下'CE'按钮,将当前文本框内数据清除 if (temp == buttonCe) { textAnswer.setText(""); clickable = true; } //按下'C'按钮,文本框内数据清除,同时var,answer清0 if (temp == buttonC) { vard = answerd = 0; textAnswer.setText(""); clickable = true; } if (temp == sItem) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(panel, "当前是标准型计算器,\n科学型计算器有待更新。"); } //按下'帮助主题'菜单栏 if (temp == topHelp) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(panel, scrollHelp); } //按下'关于'菜单栏 if (temp == aboutCal) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(panel, "开发者:ff \n QQ :394447974 \n E_mail:[email protected]"); } } //输入如果有操作非法,比如按下两次'+',捕获异常 catch (Exception e) { textAnswer.setText("操作非法"); clickable = false; } } //主函数 public static void main(String args[]) { new Calculator(); } }

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