CS61C 2020计算机组成原理Lecture02

1、Compilation

C is a compiled language.

C compilers map C programs into architecture-

specific machine code (string of 0s and 1s)

• Unlike Java, which converts to architecture-independent bytecode (run by JVM)

• Unlike python, which directly interprets the code

• Main difference is when your program is mapped to low-level machine instructions

ps：C 程序是在CPU上加载并且执行的，所以速度很快

2、Typed Variables in C

• Integer sizes are machine dependant!
• Common size is 4 or 8 bytes (32/64-bit), but can’t ever assume this
• Can add“unsigned” before int or char

Characters

ASCII standard defines 128 different characters and their numeric encodings

A char takes up 1 byte of space

• 7 bits is enough to store a char (2 ^ 7 = 128), but we add a bit to round up to 1 byte since computers usually deal with multiples of bytes

Typecasting in C

Structs Alignment and Padding in C

Unions in C

联合体与结构体之间的区别是：结构体的各个成员会占用不同的内存，相互之间无影响。而联合体的所有成员公用一段内存，修改一个成员会影响其余所有成员。

结构体占用的内存大于等于所有成员占用的内存的总和（成员之间可能会存在缝隙），联合体占用的内存等于最长的成员占用的内存。

联合体使用了内存覆盖技术，同一时刻只能保存一个成员的值，如果对新的成员赋值，就会把原来成员的值覆盖掉。

C 和 java的区别

特别注意，c中要自己手动管理内存。

3. C Syntax and Control Flow

C Syntax：main

main Example

打印argv[3],结果是 null 或者 zero

C Syntax: Variable Declarations

如果某个变量被申明了但是没进行初始化，那么之后你直接引用它的话会得到垃圾值

c语言中是没有布尔类型的

Has there been an update to ANSI C?

4. Pointers — Address vs. Value

A pointer is a variable that contains an address

• An address refers to a particular memory location,usually also associated with a variable name
• Name comes from the fact that you can say that it points to a memory location

Pointer Syntax

Pointers in C

Pointer Bugs

Summary