一个简单的Mybatis程序
什么是Mybatis?
MyBatis 是一款持久层框架,它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 简化了JDBC 代码以及设置参数和获取结果集的工作。MyBatis 可通过 XML 或注解来配置和映射原始类型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 对象)为数据库中的记录。
环境准备
- IDEA
- MySQL
- jdk1.8
- Maven
创建Maven项目
- 在pom.xml中导入项目所需Jar包,为了不用每次都导入包,可在父工程的pom.xml中导入,还需要配置build防止静态资源文件无法导出到生成目录target下;
<dependencies>
<!--mysql驱动,用于连接数据库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.12</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit测试依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 防止静态资源文件导出失败问题-->
<!-- 若未配置会报错:Could not find resource com/lsq/dao/UserMapper.xml-->
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
- 创建POJO类
public class User {
private int id;
private String pwd;
private String name;
//省略Getter和Setter
}
- 数据库操作的
UserMapper
接口
public interface UserMapper {
//获取所有用户
List<User> getUserList();
//通过ID获取单个用户
User getUserById(int id);
//添加一个用户对象
int addUser(User user);
//更新用户
int updateUser(User user);
//根据ID删除用户
int deleteUser(int id);
}
- 编写
UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--命名空间要与UserMapper对应-->
<mapper namespace="com.lsq.dao.UserMapper">
<!--id是要实现的方法名-->
<!--
属性匹配规则:
1.数据库查询到的字段会先与实体类字段名进行匹配
2.若字段名不一致,则会根据类型进行匹配
3.若存在多个类型一致的字段,则进行默认初始化
4.若按规则匹配,有且仅有一个字段未匹配,会忽略类型和名称进行匹配
5.查询返回多个对象用数组接收
-->
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.lsq.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
<select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.lsq.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
</select>
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.lsq.pojo.User">
insert into mybatis.user (id,name,pwd) values (#{id},#{name},#{pwd});
</insert>
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.lsq.pojo.User">
<!--错误表达式:不能加圆括号,set (pwd=#{pwd},name=#{name})-->
update mybatis.user set id=#{id},pwd=#{pwd},name=#{name} where id=#{id};
</update>
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
</delete>
</mapper>
- 封装一个工具类获取
SqlSessionFactory
的实例SqlSession
来操作数据库;
public class MybatisUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
//SqlSessionFactory的实例是通过SqlSessionFactoryBuilder获得。
//SqlSessionFactoryBuilder则可XML配置文件中来构建出 SqlSessionFactory实例
try {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//既然有了 SqlSessionFactory,顾名思义,我们可以从中获得 SqlSession 的实例。
// SqlSession 提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法。
public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}
}
- 在静态资源文件夹
resources
下Mybatis
的核心配置文件mybatis-config.xml
;
<!--头部声明用来验证 XML文档的正确性-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<!--核心配置文件-->
<configuration>
<!--environment 包含了事务管理和连接池的配置-->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url"
value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=false&userUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!--每一个Mapper.xml都需要在 Mybatis核心配置文件中注册-->
<!--若没有注册则会报如下错误-->
<!--Type interface com.lsq.dao.UserMapper is not known to the MapperRegistry.-->
<!--注意必须是/分割,点号分隔会报错找不到文件-->
<!--<mapper resource="com.lsq.dao.UserMapper.xml"/>-->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/lsq/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
- 测试类
public class UserMapperTest {
@Test
public void test() {
//获得sqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
//通过ID查询用户
User user = mapper.getUserById(4);
System.out.println("通过ID查询用户:");
System.out.println(user);
//插入用户
mapper.addUser(new User(6,"12344","李龙"));
//更新用户信息
mapper.updateUser(new User(4,"99999","乐乐"));
//删除用户
mapper.deleteUser(4);
sqlSession.commit();
//获取全部用户
System.out.println("获取全部用户:");
List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
for (User us : userList) {
System.out.println(us);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
}
注意:增删改需要提交事务
sqlSession.commit()
才会生效
个人总结
-
UserMapper.xml
文件实现了接口UserMapper
,而二者是通过UserMapper.xml
中的命名空间进行绑定的; -
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
通过读取配置文件mybatis-config.xml
获得SqlSessionFactory
,通过SqlSessionFactory
获得SqlSession
实例,而SqlSession
提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法; -
SqlSession
通过getMapper(UserMapper.class)
获得UserMapper
实例,相当于new
了一个UserMapper
实例。