**
文件上传的三种存储方式
**
1、本地上传
新建springboot项目，引入Thymeleaf、web相关依赖：
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
在项目resource目录下新建templates文件夹并创建上传文件页面upload.html:
@Autowired
private UploadService uploadService;
@GetMapping("/upload")
public String to_upload(){
return "upload";
}
@PostMapping("/upload")
public String upload(MultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request, Model model){
if (file!=null){
Map map=uploadService.localUpload(file);
model.addAllAttributes(map);
return "success";
}
model.addAttribute("fileName",file.getOriginalFilename());
model.addAttribute("msg","参数错误！");
return "error";
}
}
service
public interface UploadService {
Map<String,Object> localUpload(MultipartFile file);
}
service实现类
@Service
public class UploadServiceImpl implements UploadService {
@Override
public Map<String, Object> localUpload(MultipartFile file) {
Map<String, Object> resultMap=new HashMap<>();
try {
//原文件名加上时间戳作为上传后保存的文件名
String fileName=System.currentTimeMillis()+file.getOriginalFilename();
//指定目标文件名，此处将文件保存在项目的resource目录下，也可以保存在本地的其他目录下
String destFileName=System.getProperty("user.dir")
+File.separator+"src"
+File.separator+"main"
+File.separator+"resources"
+File.separator+"upload"
+File.separator+fileName;
//新建目标文件
File destFile = new File(destFileName);
//创建目标文件的存储路径
destFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
//将前端接收的文件转化为目标文件
file.transferTo(destFile);
//将上传后的文件名和存储路径返回
resultMap.put("fileName",fileName);
resultMap.put("path",destFile);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return resultMap;
}
}
在项目的resource目录新建application.yml配置文件，添加配置信息
server:
port: 8899 #端口
spring:
thymeleaf:
prefix: classpath:/templates/ #前端页面文件路径
suffix: .html #前端页面文件后缀名
启动项目，浏览器输入http://localhost:8899/upload
image.png
选择一张名为test.jpg的图片后提交，
image.png
上传成功
image.png
在项目的resource目录下可以找到刚刚上传的文件
image.png
再选择一个稍微大一点的文件进行上传，一个10MB的压缩包
image.png
上传失败
image.png
控制台显示错误信息
org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase
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FileSizeLimitExceededException: The field file exceeds its maximum permitted size of 1048576 bytes. at org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase
FileSizeLimitExceededException:Thefieldfileexceedsitsmaximumpermittedsizeof1048576bytes.atorg.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBaseFileItemIteratorImpl$FileItemStreamImpl
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1.raiseError(FileUploadBase.java:633) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.util.LimitedInputStream.checkLimit(LimitedInputStream.java:76) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.util.LimitedInputStream.read(LimitedInputStream.java:135) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at java.io.FilterInputStream.read(FilterInputStream.java:107) ~[na:1.8.0_201] at org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.util.Streams.copy(Streams.java:98) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.util.Streams.copy(Streams.java:68) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase.parseRequest(FileUploadBase.java:293) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.connector.Request.parseParts(Request.java:2855) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.connector.Request.parseParameters(Request.java:3194) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.connector.Request.getParameter(Request.java:1116) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade.getParameter(RequestFacade.java:381) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:84) ~[spring-web-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE] at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) ~[spring-web-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE] at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200) ~[spring-web-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE] at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) ~[spring-web-5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE] at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:200) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:490) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:139) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:408) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol
1.raiseError(FileUploadBase.java:633) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.util.LimitedInputStream.checkLimit(LimitedInputStream.java:76) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.util.LimitedInputStream.read(LimitedInputStream.java:135) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atjava.io.FilterInputStream.read(FilterInputStream.java:107) [na:1.8.0201]atorg.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.util.Streams.copy(Streams.java:98) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.util.Streams.copy(Streams.java:68) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase.parseRequest(FileUploadBase.java:293) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.connector.Request.parseParts(Request.java:2855) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.connector.Request.parseParameters(Request.java:3194) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.connector.Request.getParameter(Request.java:1116) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade.getParameter(RequestFacade.java:381) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:84) [spring−web−5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]atorg.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring−web−5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]atorg.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200) [spring−web−5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]atorg.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) [spring−web−5.1.7.RELEASE.jar:5.1.7.RELEASE]atorg.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:200) [tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)[tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:490)[tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:139)[tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)[tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74)[tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:343)[tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:408)[tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)[tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocolConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:836) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint
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SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1747) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19] at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) [na:1.8.0_201] at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor
SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1747)[tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atorg.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)[tomcat−embed−core−9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)[na:1.8.0201]atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutorWorker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [na:1.8.0_201]
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.19.jar:9.0.19]
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_201]
原因是上传的文件大小超过限制，因为默认的最大上传文件不能超过1MB，如果需要上传更大的文件，就需要在appliction.yml文件中添加以下配置：
servlet:
multipart:
max-file-size: 100MB
max-request-size: 100MB
image.png
重新启动项目，再次上传
image.png
查看resource下的upload文件夹
image.png
没问题
2、上传文件到分布式文件系统FastDFS
先在服务器上搭建FastDFS分布式文件系统，具体步骤可以参考https://segmentfault.com/a/11…
在前面的项目中引入FastDFS的相关依赖
com.github.tobato
fastdfs-client
1.26.7
在application.yml文件中配置FastDFS相关信息
fdfs:
connect-timeout: 3000 #连接的超时时间
so-timeout: 3000 #读取的超时时间
tracker-list: 192.168.0.170:22122 #tracker服务所在的ip地址和端口号
在resource目录下新建file.properties文件，用于配置一些需要的参数，这里只需要配置storage的地址
file.storageHost=192.168.0.171:8888/
image.png
读取file.properties中的配置需要引入相关的依赖
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-configuration-processor true 新建config包，在config包下创建FileUploadConfig类 @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "file") @PropertySource("classpath:file.properties") public class FileUploadConfig { private String storageHost;public String getStorageHost() {
return storageHost;
}
public void setStorageHost(String storageHost) {
this.storageHost = storageHost;
}
}
在UploadService添加fdfsUpload方法:
public interface UploadService {
Map<String,Object> localUpload(MultipartFile file);
Map<String,Object> fdfsUpload(MultipartFile file);
}
UploadServiceImpl实现:
@Autowired
FileUploadConfig fileUploadConfig;
@Autowired
private FastFileStorageClient fastFileStorageClient;
@Override
public Map<String, Object> fdfsUpload(MultipartFile file) {
//获取上传文件的后缀名
String fileName=file.getOriginalFilename();
String[] fileNameArr=fileName.split("\.");
String suffix=fileNameArr[fileNameArr.length-1];
//将文件上传到FastDFS
StorePath storePath=null;
try {
storePath=fastFileStorageClient.uploadFile(file.getInputStream(),file.getSize(),suffix,null);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//将文件名和存储路径返回,存储路径为storage的所在的服务器地址加上文件在服务器上的存储地址
Map<String, Object> resultMap=new HashMap<>();
resultMap.put("fileName",fileName);
resultMap.put("path",fileUploadConfig.getStorageHost()+storePath.getFullPath());
return resultMap;
}
UploadController
@PostMapping("/fdfsUpload")
public String fdfsUpload(MultipartFile file, Model model){
if (file!=null){
Map map=uploadService.fdfsUpload(file);
model.addAllAttributes(map);
return “success”;
}
model.addAttribute(“fileName”,file.getOriginalFilename());
model.addAttribute(“msg”,“参数错误！”);
return “error”;
}
修改前端表单的action为fdfsUpload
image.png
启动项目，仍然是上传test.jpg图片
image.png
上传成功
image.png
在浏览器中可以直接访问图片地址
image.png
3、上传到腾讯云对象存储COS
COS介绍
对象存储（Cloud Object Storage，COS）是由腾讯云推出的无目录层次结构、无数据格式限制，可容纳海量数据且支持 HTTP/HTTPS 协议访问的分布式存储服务。腾讯云 COS 的存储桶空间无容量上限，无需分区管理，适用于 CDN 数据分发、数据万象处理或大数据计算与分析的数据湖等多种场景。COS 提供网页端管理界面、多种主流开发语言的 SDK、API 以及命令行和图形化工具，并且兼容 S3 的 API 接口，方便用户直接使用社区工具和插件。
进入腾讯云官网购买对象存储服务，需购买存储容量和外网下行流量https://buy.cloud.tencent.com…
image.png
购买成功后进入对象存储控制台
image.png
创建存储桶，自定义名称，设置访问权限为共有读私有写以便后续进行测试。记住请求域名，后面会用到。
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创建文件夹，命名为upload，此时就可以通过控制台上传文件了
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在项目中引入COS的相关依赖
com.qcloud
cos_api
5.6.18
在file.properties中添加COS相关配置
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secretId和secretKey可以在密钥管理中查看
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host即为前面说的请求域名,region和bucketName在请求域名中都有
在FileUploadConfig类中添加属性
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在UploadService中新增CosUpload方法
public interface UploadService {
Map<String,Object> localUpload(MultipartFile file);
Map<String,Object> fdfsUpload(MultipartFile file);
Map<String,Object> cosUpload(MultipartFile file);
}
在UploadServiceImpl中实现cosUpload方法
@Override
public Map<String, Object> cosUpload(MultipartFile file) {
// 指定要上传到的存储桶
String bucketName = fileUploadConfig.getBucketName();
//指定文件名
String fileName=System.currentTimeMillis()+file.getOriginalFilename();
// 指定要上传到 COS 上对象键
String key = “upload/”+fileName;
PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = null;
try {
putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(bucketName, key, file.getInputStream(),null);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
PutObjectResult putObjectResult = getCosClient().putObject(putObjectRequest);
Map<String, Object> resultMap=new HashMap<>(2);
resultMap.put("fileName",fileName);
resultMap.put("path",fileUploadConfig.getHost()+key);
return resultMap;
}
private COSClient getCosClient(){
// 1 初始化用户身份信息（secretId, secretKey）。
String secretId = fileUploadConfig.getSecretId();
String secretKey = fileUploadConfig.getSecretKey();
COSCredentials cred = new BasicCOSCredentials(secretId, secretKey);
// 2 设置 bucket 的区域, COS 地域的简称请参照 https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/436/6224
// clientConfig 中包含了设置 region, https(默认 http), 超时, 代理等 set 方法, 使用可参见源码或者常见问题 Java SDK 部分。
Region region = new Region(fileUploadConfig.getRegion());
ClientConfig clientConfig = new ClientConfig(region);
// 3 生成 cos 客户端。
COSClient cosClient = new COSClient(cred, clientConfig);
return cosClient;
}
修改表单action为cosUpload
转载自https://segmentfault.com/a/119000002213275，如有侵权请留言删除
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启动项目,上传文件
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在浏览器中打开图片地址,成功显示
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4、结尾
整个项目结构如下
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