Yolov5小目标检测【一】

1 增加小目标检测层
需要修改yolov5的模型文件yaml就可以增加小目标检测层，但是在增加检测层后，带来的问题就是计算量增加，导致推理检测速度降低。不过对于小目标，确实有很好的改善。

# parameters
nc: 3  # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.0  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.0  # layer channel multiple

# anchors
anchors:
  - [5,6, 8,14, 15,11]  #4
  - [10,13, 16,30, 33,23]  # P3/8
  - [30,61, 62,45, 59,119]  # P4/16
  - [116,90, 156,198, 373,326]  # P5/32

# YOLOv5 backbone
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args]
  [[-1, 1, Focus, [64, 3]],  # 0-P1/2
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],  # 1-P2/4
   [-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [128]],   #160*160
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],  # 3-P3/8
   [-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [256]],  #80*80
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],  # 5-P4/16
   [-1, 9, BottleneckCSP, [512]], #40*40
   [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],  # 7-P5/32
   [-1, 1, SPP, [1024, [5, 9, 13]]],
   [-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]],  # 9   20*20
  ]

# YOLOv5 head
head:
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],  #20*20
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']], #40*40
   [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P4  40*40
   [-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]],  # 13     40*40

   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]], #40*40
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]],  # cat backbone P3   80*80
   [-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]],  # 17 (P3/8-small)  80*80

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]], #18  80*80
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']], #19  160*160
   [[-1, 2], 1, Concat, [1]], #20 cat backbone p2  160*160
   [-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [256, False]], #21 160*160

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],  #22   80*80
   [[-1, 18], 1, Concat, [1]], #23 80*80
   [-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [256, False]], #24 80*80

   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], #25  40*40
   [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]],  # 26  cat head P4  40*40
   [-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [512, False]],  # 27 (P4/16-medium) 40*40

   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],  #28  20*20
   [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]],  #29 cat head P5  #20*20
   [-1, 3, BottleneckCSP, [1024, False]],  # 30 (P5/32-large)  20*20

   [[21, 24, 27, 30], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]],  # Detect(p2, P3, P4, P5)
  ]

2 Transformer Prediction Heads (TPH)-Yolov5
用Transformer encoder块替换了YOLOv5中的一些卷积块和CSP bottleneck blocks。
每个Transformer encoder block包含2个子层。第1子层为multi-head attention layer，第2子层(MLP)为全连接层。每个子层之间使用残差连接。Transformer encoder block增加了捕获不同局部信息的能力。它还可以利用自注意力机制来挖掘特征表征潜能。