嵌入式工程师面试时可能会问的小问题之互斥量的死锁

嵌入式工程师面试时可能会问的小问题之互斥量的死锁

在面试时，面试官可能会问你在线程中，互斥量什么时候会发生死锁。下面我们用一段代码来诠释这个现象。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
pthread_mutex_t mutex1;
                        //定义两把锁
pthread_mutex_t mutex2;
int data=0;
void *func1(void *arg)
{
        int i=0;
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex1);//线程1获取第一把锁
        sleep(1);//睡眠1s抱枕线程2能拿到第二把锁
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex2);//此时第二把锁已经被线程拿走，线程1怎么也获取不到锁，因而程序阻塞。
        printf("t1:%ld thread is creat\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("t1 param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));
        while(1){
                printf("t1 data=%d\n",data++);
                sleep(1);
                if(data==3)
                        {
                        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex1);
                        pthread_exit(NULL);
                        }
                }
}
void *func2(void *arg)
{
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex2);//线程2获取第二把锁
        sleep(1);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex1);//此时第一锁已经被线程1拿走，因而线程2也阻塞。
        printf("t2:%ld thread is creat\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        printf("t2 param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));
        while(1){
                printf("t2:data=%d\n",data);
                data++;
                sleep(1);
                }
}
int main()
{
        int ret;
        int ret1;
        int param=100;
        pthread_mutex_init(&mutex1,NULL);
        pthread_mutex_init(&mutex2,NULL);
        pthread_t t1;
        pthread_t t2;
        ret=pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1,(void *)&param);
        if(ret==0){
                printf("main:creat t1 success\n");
                }
        ret1=pthread_create(&t2,NULL,func2,(void *)&param);
        if(ret1==0){
                printf("main:creat t2 success\n");
                }
        printf("main:%ld\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
        pthread_join(t1,NULL);
        pthread_join(t2,NULL);
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex1);
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex2);
        return 0;
}

当线程1获取到第一把锁时，睡眠1s，让线程2拿到第二把锁，然后此时线程1再去获取第二把锁，此时第二把锁已经再线程2手里了，因而两个线程都会阻塞，造成死锁。