06-Mysql 其他-01视图

理论

一、含义

mysql5.1版本出现的新特性，本身是一个虚拟表，
好处：
1、简化sql语言
2、提高sql重要性
3、保护基表的数据，提高了安全性

二、创建

create view 视图名
as
查询语句;

三、修改

方式一：
create or replace view 视图名
as
查询语句
方式二：
alter view 视图名
as
查询语句

四、删除

drop view 视图1，视图2…

五、查看

desc 视图名
show create view 视图名;

六、使用

1、插入 insert
2、修改 update
3、删除 delete
4、查看 select
注意：视图一般用于查询，而不是更新，所有具备以下特点的视图都不允许更新
①包含分组函数、group by、distinct、havig、union
②join
③常量视图
④where后的子查询用到了from中的表
⑤用到了不可更新的视图

七、视图和表的对比

	关键字	是否占用物理空间	使用
视图	view	占用较小，志保训sql逻辑	一般用于查询
表	table	保存实际的数据	增删改查

案例

/*
含义：虚拟表，和普通表一样使用
mysql5.1版本出现的新特征，是通过表动态生成的数据
比如：舞蹈班和普通班级的对比
*/

#案例：查询姓张的学生名和专业名

SELECT s.`studentname` ,m.`majorname`
FROM student s
JOIN major m ON s.`majorid`=m.`majorid`
WHERE s.`studentname`LIKE '张%';
CREATE VIEW v1
AS
SELECT stuname,majorname
FROM stuinfo s
JOIN major m ON s.majorid=m.majorid
SELECT * FROM v1 WHERE stuname LIKE '张%';

一、创建视图

/*
语法：
create view 视图名
as
查询语句;

*/
USE myemployees;
#1、查询邮箱中包含a字符的员工名、部门名和工种信息

#①创建
CREATE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT last_name
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
JOIN jobs j ON j.job_id = e.job_id;
#②使用
SELECT * FROM myv1 WHERE last_name LIKE'%a%';
#查询各部门的平均工资级别
#创建视图查看每个部门的平均工资
CREATE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
#使用
SELECT myv2.`ag`,g.grade_level
FROM myv2
JOIN job_grades g
ON myv2.`ag`BETWEEN g.`lower_sal` AND g.`highest_sal`;

#3、查询平均工资最低的部门信息

SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;

#4、查询平均工资最低的部门名和工资

CREATE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT * FROM myv2 ORDER BY ag LIMIT 1;
SELECT d.*,m.ag
FROM myv3 m
JOIN departments d
ON m.department_id = d.department_id;

二、修改视图

#方式一：
/*
create or replace view 视图名
as
查询语句
*/

SELECT * FROM myv3
CREATE OR REPLACE myv3
AS
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;

#方式二：
/*
语法：
alter view 视图名
as
查询语句
*/

ALTER VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT *  FROM employees;

三、删除视图

/*
语法：drop view 视图名,视图名,…;
*/

DROP VIEW myv1,myv2,myv3;

四、查看视图

DESC myv3;
SHOW CREATE VIEW myv3;

五、视图的更新

CREATE OR REPLACE mtv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary*12(1+commission_pct,0) 'annual salary'
FROM employees;
 
CREATE OR REPLACE myv1
AS
SELECT last_name,email
FROM employees;
SELECT * FROM myv1;
SELECT * FROM empployees;

#1、插入

INSERT INTO myv1 VALUE('张飞','zf@qq.com',100000);

#2、修改

UPDATE myv1set last_name= '张无忌' WHERE last_name="张飞"

#3、删除

DELETE FROM myv1 WHERE last_name='张无忌';

#具备以下特点的视图不允许更新
#①包含一下关键字的sql语句：分组函数、distinct、group by、having、或者union all

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv1
AS
SELECT MAX(salary)m,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
SELECT * FROM myv1;

#更新

UPDATE myv1 SET m=9000 WHERE department_id=10;

#②常量视图

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv2
AS
SELECT 'john' NAME;
SELECT * FROM myv2;
#更新
UPDATE myv2 SET NAME='lucy';

#③select包含子查询

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv3
AS
SELECT(SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees) 最高工资;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv3;
UPDATE myv3 SET 最高工资=10000;

#④join

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv4
AS
SELECT last_name,department_name
FROM employees e
JOIN department d
ON e.department_id = d.department_id;
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv4
UPDATE myv4 SET last_name ='张飞' WHERE last_name='whalan'
inseet INTO myv4 VALUES('陈真','xxxxx');

#form一个不能更新的视图

CREATE  OR REPLACE VIEW myv5
SELECT * FROM myv3
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv5;
UPDATE myv5 SET 最高工资=10000 WHERE department_id=60;

#⑥where子句的子查询引用了from子句中的表

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW myv6
AS
SELECT last_name,email,salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN(
    SELECT manager_id
    FROM employees
    WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
);
#更新
SELECT * FROM myv6;
UPDATE myv6 SET salary=10000 WHERE last_name='K_ing';