python设计模式---观察者模式

观察者模式是一种行为设计模式，用于定义对象之间的一对多依赖关系，当一个对象的状态发生变化时，所有依赖它的对象都会得到通知并自动更新。

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from typing import List


class Observable:
    def __init__(self):
        self._observers: List[Observer] = []

    def add_observer(self, observer):
        self._observers.append(observer)

    def remove_observer(self, observer):
        self._observers.remove(observer)

    def notify_observers(self, message):
        for observer in self._observers:
            observer.update(message)


class Observer(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def update(self, message):
        pass


class ConcreteObservable(Observable):
    def update_state(self, new_state):
        self.notify_observers(new_state)


class ConcreteObserver(Observer):
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def update(self, message):
        print(f"{self.name} received message: {message}")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    observable = ConcreteObservable()
    observer1 = ConcreteObserver("Observer 1")
    observer2 = ConcreteObserver("Observer 2")

    observable.add_observer(observer1)
    observable.add_observer(observer2)

    observable.update_state("New State")