多态性与虚函数

基类与派生类中有同名函数

• 在下面的程序中student是基类，graduate是派生类，它们都有display这个特殊的函数

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class student
{public:
student(int,string,float);
void display();
protected:
int num;
string name;
float score;
};
student ::student(int n,string nam,float s)
{ num = n;
name = nam;
score = s;
}
void student::display()
{cout << "num: " << num <<" name: " << name << " score: " <<score << endl;}
class graduate:public student 
{public:
graduate(int, string, float, float);
void display();
private:
float wage;
};
guaduate::graduate(int n,string nam,float s,float w):student(n,nam,s),wage(w){}
void graduate::display()
{cout << "num: " << num <<" name: " << name << " score: " <<score <<" wage: " << wage << endl;}
int main()
{
  student stud1(2021621,"张飞",87.5);
  graduate grad1(20210624,"牛魔" ,98.5,20000);
  student *pt = &stud1; //定义指向基类对象的指针变量pt，指向stud1
  pt->display();  //输出student（基类）对象stud1中的数据
  pt = &grad1;  //pt指向graduate类对象grad1
  pt->display(); //希望输出graduate类对象grad1中的数据
  return 0;
  }

程序运行结果

num: 2021621 name: 张飞 score: 87.5
num: 20210624 name: 牛魔 score: 98.5

Process returned 0 (0x0)   execution time : 0.013 s
Press any key to continue.

• 编写一个程序，声明抽象基类shape，有它派生出一个派生类：circle（圆形），用一个printarea分别输出以上三个面积，图形的数据在定义对象是给定

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class shape
{
public:
virtual double area()const = 0;//虚函数
};
class circle:public shape
{
public:
    circle(double r):radius(r){}
    virtual double area()const{return 3.14*radius*radius;};//定义虚函数
protected:
    double radius;

};

void printarea(const shape &s)
{
    cout << s.area() << endl;
}
int main()
{
    circle c1(6.9);
    cout << "圆的面积为";
    printarea(c1);
    return 0;
}

程序运行结果

圆的面积为149.495

Process returned 0 (0x0)   execution time : 0.013 s
Press any key to continue.