本文详细介绍了如何在KVM环境下为虚拟机创建、查看、恢复和删除快照。重点讨论了qcow2和raw磁盘格式对快照的支持，以及如何转换磁盘格式以实现快照功能。同时，还提供了一个脚本示例用于批量删除虚拟机的所有快照。
KVM管理-快照
创建快照
为虚拟机vm1创建一个快照
[root@myserver ~]# virsh snapshot-create-as vm1 vm1.snap
Domain snapshot vm1.snap created
快照只能使用qcow2创建，raw格式一般无法创建快照
查看磁盘镜像信息
[root@myserver ~]# qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1.qcow2
image: /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 11G
cluster_size: 65536
Snapshot list:
ID TAG VM SIZE DATE VM CLOCK
1 vm1.snap 284M 2023-05-15 22:53:00 00:04:29.314
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: true
查看vm1的快照
[root@myserver ~]# virsh snapshot-list vm1
Name Creation Time State
------------------------------------------------------------
vm1.snap 2023-05-15 22:53:00 -0400 running
创建raw磁盘文件
[root@myserver ~]# qemu-img create -f raw /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1-1.raw 2G
Formatting '/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1-1.raw', fmt=raw size=2147483648
[root@myserver ~]# ll -h /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1-1.raw
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.0G May 15 23:00 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1-1.raw
修改配置文件
[root@myserver ~]# cd /etc/libvirt/qemu/
[root@myserver qemu]# ls
networks vm1.xml
[root@myserver qemu]# vim vm1.xml
[root@myserver qemu]# virsh define vm1.xml
Domain vm1 defined from vm1.xml
在vm1.xml将这段内容修改成你需要的,slot不能相同，复制粘贴到文件中此格式相同文本的位置附近
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1-1.raw'/>
<target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x0a' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
创建一个快照
[root@myserver qemu]# virsh snapshot-create-as vm1 vm1.snap1
error: unsupported configuration: internal snapshot for disk vdb unsupported for storage type raw
刚刚放进去的raw磁盘不支持拍摄快照
将这个磁盘文件格式做一个转换
[root@myserver qemu]# qemu-img convert -O qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1-1.raw /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1-1.qcow2
[root@myserver qemu]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@myserver images]# ll -h
total 11G
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 193K May 15 23:19 vm1-1.qcow2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.0G May 15 23:00 vm1-1.raw
-rw------- 1 qemu qemu 11G May 15 23:19 vm1.qcow2
[root@myserver images]# qemu-img info vm1-1.qcow2
image: vm1-1.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 2.0G (2147483648 bytes)
disk size: 196K
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: false
再次修改配置文件，将磁盘修改为qcow2格式
[root@myserver images]# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm1.xml
[root@myserver images]# virsh de
define destroy detach-device-alias detach-interface
desc detach-device detach-disk
[root@myserver images]# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm1.xml
Domain vm1 defined from /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm1.xml
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm1-1.qcow2'/>
<target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x0a' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
恢复快照
创建一个快照测试
[root@myserver images]# virsh snapshot-create-as vm1 vm1.snap2
Domain snapshot vm1.snap2 created
成功创建
启动虚拟机vm1
在Linux主机上给vm1创建第三个快照
[root@myserver ~]# virsh snapshot-create-as vm1 vm1.snap3
Domain snapshot vm1.snap3 created
回到虚拟机vm1中，给/test中复制两个文件
在Linux主机上给vm1创建第四个快照
[root@myserver ~]# virsh snapshot-create-as vm1 vm1.snap4
Domain snapshot vm1.snap4 created
恢复到第三个快照
[root@myserver ~]# virsh snapshot-revert vm1 vm1.snap3
查看/test目录
恢复到第四个快照
[root@myserver ~]# virsh snapshot-revert vm1 vm1.snap4
删除虚拟机快照
[root@myserver ~]# virsh snapshot-list vm1
Name Creation Time State
------------------------------------------------------------
vm1.snap 2023-05-15 22:53:00 -0400 running
vm1.snap2 2023-05-15 23:35:28 -0400 shutoff
vm1.snap3 2023-05-15 23:46:23 -0400 running
vm1.snap4 2023-05-15 23:50:32 -0400 running
[root@myserver ~]# virsh snapshot-delete --snapshotname vm1.snap4 vm1
Domain snapshot vm1.snap4 deleted
[root@myserver ~]# virsh snapshot-list vm1
Name Creation Time State
------------------------------------------------------------
vm1.snap 2023-05-15 22:53:00 -0400 running
vm1.snap2 2023-05-15 23:35:28 -0400 shutoff
vm1.snap3 2023-05-15 23:46:23 -0400 running
一个批量删除虚拟机快照的小脚本
进入Linux主机创建一个脚本，直接删除所有快照
查看所有guestos虚拟机名
[root@myserver test]# virsh list --all --name
vm1
获取某个虚拟机的所有快照名
[root@myserver test]# virsh snapshot-list vm1 --name
vm1.snap
vm1.snap2
vm1.snap3
测试过程
[root@myserver test]# ./rm-all-snap
获取所有虚拟机
vm1
请输入你要删除所有快照的虚拟机名称 :
vm1
获取 vm1 所有快照列表
vm1.snap1 vm1.snap2 vm1.snap3 vm1.snap4 vm1.snap5
确定要删除 vm1 的所有快照吗[y/n]?
n
取消删除
脚本执行完毕
[root@myserver test]# virsh snapshot-list vm1
Name Creation Time State
------------------------------------------------------------
vm1.snap1 2023-05-16 01:59:29 -0400 shutoff
vm1.snap2 2023-05-16 01:59:32 -0400 shutoff
vm1.snap3 2023-05-16 01:59:38 -0400 shutoff
vm1.snap4 2023-05-16 01:59:40 -0400 shutoff
vm1.snap5 2023-05-16 01:59:43 -0400 shutoff
[root@myserver test]# ./rm-all-snap
获取所有虚拟机
vm1
请输入你要删除所有快照的虚拟机名称 :
vm1
获取 vm1 所有快照列表
vm1.snap1 vm1.snap2 vm1.snap3 vm1.snap4 vm1.snap5
确定要删除 vm1 的所有快照吗[y/n]?
y
Domain snapshot vm1.snap1 deleted
vm1.snap1 已被删除
Domain snapshot vm1.snap2 deleted
vm1.snap2 已被删除
Domain snapshot vm1.snap3 deleted
vm1.snap3 已被删除
Domain snapshot vm1.snap4 deleted
vm1.snap4 已被删除
Domain snapshot vm1.snap5 deleted
vm1.snap5 已被删除
脚本执行完毕
[root@myserver test]# virsh snapshot-list vm1
Name Creation Time State
------------------------------------------------------------
注意执行脚本前首先要给脚本赋予执行权限
查看脚本代码：
[root@myserver test]# cat rm-all-snap
#!/bin/bash
echo "获取所有虚拟机"
vm_list=$(virsh list --all --name)
echo $vm_list
echo "请输入你要删除所有快照的虚拟机名称 :"
read vm_name
snap_list=$(virsh snapshot-list "$vm_name" --name)
echo "获取" $vm_name "所有快照列表"
echo $snap_list
echo "确定要删除" $vm_name "的所有快照吗[y/n]?"
read chocie
if [ "$chocie" == "y" ];then
for snap_name in $snap_list;do
virsh snapshot-delete --snapshotname "$snap_name" "$vm_name"
echo "$snap_name" "已被删除"
done
else
echo "取消删除"
fi
echo "脚本执行完毕"
扫一扫
1429
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
