数据库恢复小练习

1、创建数据库school

mysql> create database school default character set utf8mb4;

创建student和score表

创建student表。SQL代码如下：
CREATE  TABLE  student (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  ,
name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL ,
sex  VARCHAR(4)  ,
birth  YEAR,
department  VARCHAR(20) ,
address  VARCHAR(50) 
);
​
​
创建score表。SQL代码如下：
CREATE  TABLE  score (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL ,
c_name  VARCHAR(20) ,
grade  INT(10)
);

2.为student表和score表增加记录

向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
​
向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

3.备份数据库school到/backup目录

[root@host1 /]# mkdir -p /backup
[root@host1 /]# mysqldump -uroot -p'MySQL@123' school -B > /backup/school.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. 
[root@host1 /]# cd backup/
[root@host1 backup]# ls
school.sql

4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

--add-drop-table

[root@host1 backup]#  mysqldump -uroot -p'MySQL@123' -B school --add-drop-table > school1.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

压缩备份school数据库
[root@host1 backup]#  mysqldump -uroot -p'MySQL@123' -B school | gzip > school.sql.gz
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
​
所有压缩备份
[root@host1 backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'MySQL@123' -A -B | gzip  > mysql.sql.gz
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@host1 backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'MySQL@123' school student > school_student.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

[root@host1 backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'MySQL@123' student -B  db -B > stu_db.sql 
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
或者
[root@host1 backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'MySQL@123' student  db -B   > stu_db1.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

8.仅仅备份数据库结构

-A备份所有数据库，-B会将创建数据库语句也备份，-d 用来备份结构

备份数据库school
[root@host1 backup]# mysqldump -uroot -pMySQL@123 -B school -d > school.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
​
备份所有数据库
[root@host1 backup]# mysqldump -uroot -pMySQL@123 -A -B -d  > mysql1.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

9.备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@host1 backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p'MySQL@123' -A > mysql.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

10.还原MySQL数据库

mysql> source /backup/mysql.sql
或者
[root@host1 backup]# mysql -uroot -p'MySQL@123' < /backup/mysql.sql

11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

[root@host1 backup]# zcat /backup/school.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -pMySQL@123

 12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

[root@host1 ~]# innobackupex -u root -p MySQL@123 /backup/mysql/all
​
[root@host1 all]# innobackupex -u root -p MySQL@123 --no-timestamp /backup/mysql/all/

13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

[root@host1 all]# innobackupex --apply-log /backup/mysql/all/
[root@host1 all]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@host1 all]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@host1 all]# innobackupex --copy-back /backup/mysql/all/
[root@host1 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@host1 mysql]# ll /var/lib/mysql
total 77864
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql       20 May 12 23:06 @6570@636e@5e93@540d
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql       94 May 12 23:06 db
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 May 12 23:06 db1
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql       92 May 12 23:06 db2
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      508 May 12 23:06 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 79691776 May 12 23:06 ibdata1
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql       51 May 12 23:06 ll
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 May 12 23:06 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 May 12 23:06 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql       92 May 12 23:06 school
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql       86 May 12 23:06 student
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 May 12 23:06 sys
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      485 May 12 23:06 xtrabackup_info
[root@host1 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld

 14.使用mydumper备份数据库

[root@host1 backup]# mydumper -u root -p 'MySQL@123' -B school -o /backup/
[root@host1 backup]# ls
metadata                  school.score.00000.sql  school.score-schema.sql   school.student-metadata
school-schema-create.sql  school.score-metadata   school.student.00000.sql  school.student-schema.sql

15.使用mydumper恢复数据库

[root@host1 backup]# myloader -u root -p 'MySQL@123' -d  /backup/ -B school -o