Linux学习内容

[user@bogon fonts]$ hostnamectl --static set-hostname 2205 #更改静态主机名
[user@bogon fonts]$ bash #刷新
[user@2205 fonts]$ ip address show #查看IP地址
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:94:16:a8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.21.130/24 brd 192.168.21.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
valid_lft 915sec preferred_lft 915sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe94:16a8/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 500
link/ether 52:54:00:38:b3:35 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

[user@2205 fonts]$ vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736 #打开网卡配置文件
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eno16777736
UUID=97ed5eb7-d084-4abe-a0c5-f1871613244f
DEVICE=eno16777736
ONBOOT=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes

[user@2205 fonts]$ su #临时获取管理员root权限
Password: #输入管理员口令，不提示、不显示！
[root@2205 fonts]#

[root@2205 fonts]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736 #修改IP地址
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static #修改成静态配置
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eno16777736
UUID=97ed5eb7-d084-4abe-a0c5-f1871613244f
DEVICE=eno16777736
ONBOOT=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes

IPADDR=192.168.21.133 #添加如下内容：
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.21.2
DNS1=210.26.144.130

[root@2205 fonts]# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务

[root@2205 fonts]# ping 192.168.21.2 -c 3 #测试到192.168.21.2的连通性
PING 192.168.21.2 (192.168.21.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.21.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.186 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.21.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=1.24 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.21.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.439 ms

— 192.168.21.2 ping statistics —
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2005ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.186/0.623/1.244/0.451 ms
[root@2205 fonts]# ping www.cctv.com -c 3 #测试到www.cctv.com的连通性
PING g1.ctc.cctvcdn.net.lxdns.com (116.177.226.16) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 116.177.226.16: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=29.0 ms
64 bytes from 116.177.226.16: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=30.0 ms
64 bytes from 116.177.226.16: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=30.2 ms

— g1.ctc.cctvcdn.net.lxdns.com ping statistics —
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 29.069/29.809/30.266/0.528 ms

9.8
[user@2205 Desktop]$ netstat -ntpl #用netstat检查网络配置
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::22 ::😗 LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 ::😗 LISTEN

[user@2205 Desktop]$ traceroute www.uvu.edu.cn #traceroute路由跟踪
traceroute to www.uvu.edu.cn (210.26.144.185), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 bogon (192.168.21.2) 0.135 ms 0.064 ms 0.099 ms
2 * * *
3 * * *
4 * * *
[user@2205 Desktop]$ nslookup www.uvu.edu.cn #nslookup域名解析
Server: 210.26.144.130
Address: 210.26.144.130#53

Name: www.uvu.edu.cn
Address: 210.26.144.185