stub实验和配置命令

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 20:00:05 发布

山翁不醉酒

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-08 20:00:05 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_55932038/article/details/131222879

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该文详细介绍了如何配置OSPF协议中的Stub区域，以减少区域内部设备的压力，同时确保区域内的PC1能与外部PC3通信。配置步骤包括设置接口信息、配置OSPF单区域和多区域、配置静态路由，并在R6上引入外部路由。通过将区域12设为Stub区域，消除了4/5类LSA，增加了默认3类LSA，实现了区域间的通信。最后，验证了PC1与PC3的连通性。

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拓扑

需求

将区域12设置为Stub区域，使区域12的路由设备不受外部链路影响(不接收4/5类LSA）降低区域12（末梢区域）设备压力，还能让区域12的PC1与外部PC3通信

配置步骤

1）配置接口信息

- 配置PC的IP地址

- 配置路由器的接口

2）配置OSPF单区域

- 创建ospf进程，定义router-id

- 指定相应区域

- 宣告网段进入ospf

3）配置OSPF多区域

4) R6配置去往PC3的静态路由

5）R7上配置去往PC1、PC2的静态路由

6）R6上在OSPF进程下引入外部路由

7）将区域12设置为stub区域

8）验证stub区域特性，验证业务连通性

- pc1 ping pc3进行连通性测试

配置命令

第一步：配置PC接口IP地址
第二步：配置路由器接口IP地址
第三步：配置OSPF：
****R1配置:****
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
area 0.0.0.12
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255

****R2配置：****
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
area 0.0.0.12
network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255

****R3配置：****
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.34.3 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255

****R4配置：****
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.45.4 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 192.168.34.4 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255

****R5配置：****
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.56.5 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 192.168.45.5 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
area 0.0.0.56
network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255

****R6配置****
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 192.168.56.6 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
area 0.0.0.56
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255

**第四步：R6配置去往PC3的静态路由**
****R6配置****
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.67.6 255.255.255.0
#
ip route-static 192.168.3.0 24 192.168.67.7

**第五步：R7配置去往PC1/PC2的静态路由**
****R7配置****
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.67.7 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
#
ip route-static 192.168.0.0 16 192.168.67.6

**第六步：R6上在OSPF进程下引入静态路由**
****R6配置****
ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
import-route static

**第七步：**stub区域的配置命令****

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 12
[R1-ospf-1-area 0.0.0.12]stub

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 12
[R2-ospf-1-area 0.0.0.12]stub

****备注：区域12没有配置stub区域前，数据库是这样的****
<R1>dis ospf lsdb
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.12
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1644 36 80000025 1
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1651 36 80000022 1
Network 192.168.12.2 2.2.2.2 1644 32 80000010 0
Sum-Net 192.168.45.0 2.2.2.2 442 28 80000013 3
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 2.2.2.2 700 28 80000013 1
Sum-Net 192.168.56.0 2.2.2.2 298 28 80000013 4
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 2.2.2.2 533 28 80000013 2
Sum-Net 192.168.2.0 2.2.2.2 1758 28 80000015 5
Sum-Asbr 6.6.6.6 2.2.2.2 1769 28 80000008 4

AS External Database
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
External 192.168.3.0 6.6.6.6 1773 36 80000008 1

** ****第八步：测试与验证：验证stub区域的特点**
** 备注：区域12配置stub区域后，数据库是这样的
备注：没有4类的LSA了，没有5类LSA了，但是多了一个默认的3类的LSA**

[R1]dis ospf lsdb
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.12
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 6 36 80000005 1
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 7 36 80000004 1
Network 192.168.12.2 2.2.2.2 7 32 80000002 0
** Sum-Net 0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 49 28 80000001 1**
Sum-Net 192.168.45.0 2.2.2.2 49 28 80000001 3
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 2.2.2.2 49 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 192.168.56.0 2.2.2.2 49 28 80000001 4
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 2.2.2.2 49 28 80000001 2

**[R1]****dis ip routing-table protocol ospf **
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 5 Routes : 5

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 5 Routes : 5

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
**0.0.0.0/0 OSPF 10 2 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0**
192.168.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
192.168.34.0/24 OSPF 10 3 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
192.168.45.0/24 OSPF 10 4 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
192.168.56.0/24 OSPF 10 5 192.168.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

**第八步：验证与测试，stub区域的PC1 和外部PC3 可以互通**
PC1可以访问PC3
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