新手小白学JAVA 初识序列化与反序列化

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-15 22:21:00 发布

机器源

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-15 22:21:00 发布

阅读量126

点赞数

分类专栏： java基础

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43884234/article/details/114926995

版权

java基础专栏收录该内容

38 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

初识序列化与反序列化

1 概述

序列化是指将对象的状态信息转换为可以存储或传输形式的过程.在序列化期间,对象将其当前状态写入到临时或持久性存储区.以后可以通过从存储区中读取或者反序列化对象的状态,重新创建该对象.

序列化:利用ObjectOutputStream,把对象的信息,按照固定的格式转成一串字节值输出并持久保存到磁盘
反序列化:利用ObjectInputStream,读取磁盘中之前序列化好的数据,重新恢复成对象

序列化: 对象转字节值反序列化:字节值(之前序列化生成的) 转对象

2 特点/应用场景

需要序列化的文件必须实现Serializable接口,用来启用序列化功能
不需要序列化的数据可以修饰成static,原因:static资源属于类资源,不随着对象被序列化输出
每一个被序列化的文件都有一个唯一的id,如果没有添加此id,编译器会自动根据类的定义信息计算产生一个
在反序列化时,如果和序列化的版本号不一致,无法完成反序列化
常用与服务器之间的数据传输,序列化成文件,反序列化读取数据
常用使用套接字流在主机之间传递对象
不需要序列化的数据也可以被修饰成transient(临时的),只在程序运行期间在内存中存在,不会被序列化持久保存

3 涉及到的流对象

序列化：ObjectOutputStream

ObjectOutputStream 将 Java 对象的基本数据类型写入 OutputStream，通过在流中使用文件可以实现对象的持久存储。如果流是网络套接字流，则可以在另一台主机上或另一个进程中重构对象。

构造方法:
ObjectOutputStream(OutputStream out)
创建写入指定 OutputStream 的 ObjectOutputStream
普通方法:
writeObject(Object obj)
将指定的对象写入 ObjectOutputStream

反序列化：ObjectInputStream

ObjectInputStream对以前使用ObjectOutputStream写入的基本数据和对象进行反序列化重构对象。

构造方法:
ObjectInputStream(InputStream in) 创建从指定 InputStream 读取的 ObjectInputStream
普通方法:
readObject() 从 ObjectInputStream 读取对象

4 代码实现序列化与反序列化

4.1 步骤1：创建学生类Student

创建包: cn.tedu.serializable
创建类: Student.java

package cn.tedu.serializable;

import java.io.Serializable;

/本类用来封装学生类/
/*

如果本类想要完成序列化,必须实现可序列化接口,否则会报错:
报错信息:java.io.NotSerializableException: cn.tedu.serializable.Student
Serializable接口是一个空接口,里面一个方法都没有,作用是用来当做标志,标志这个类可以序列化/反序列化
*/
public class Student implements Serializable{
/*需要给每个进行序列化的文件分配唯一的UID值/
//The serializable class Student does not declare a static final serialVersionUID field of type long
//private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3193364654654535741L;

//1.定义学生的相关属性 + private封装
private String name;//姓名
private int age;//年龄
private String addr;//地址
private char gender;//性别

/**自动创建构造方法:右键–>Source–>Generate Constructor using Fields…*/
//2.创建无参构造–必须手动提供无参构造,否则会被含参构造覆盖
public Student() {
System.out.println(“我是Student的无参构造”);
}

//3.创建全参构造
public Student(String name,int age,String addr,char gender) {
super();//默认调用父类的无参构造
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.addr = addr;
this.gender = gender;
System.out.println(“我是Student的全参构造”);
}

//4.属性封装后,需要本类提供公共的属性访问与设置方式get()&set()
/**自动创建get()&set(),右键–>Source–>Generate Getters and Setters…*/
public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public int getAge() {
return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}

public String getAddr() {
return addr;
}

public void setAddr(String addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}

public char getGender() {
return gender;
}

public void setGender(char gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}

//打印结果:cn.tedu.serializable.Student@4c873330–>地址值
//想看对象的属性值,原因是想查看序列化后对象的属性,需要重写toString()
//5.重写toString()
//自动生成toString()–右键–>Source–>Generate toString()
@Override
public String toString() {
return “Student [name=” + name + “, age=” + age + “, addr=” + addr + “, gender=” + gender + “]”;
}
}

4.2 步骤2：创建序列化测试类

创建包: cn.tedu.serializable
创建类: TestSerializable.java

package cn.tedu.serializable;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

/*本类用于序列化与反序列化的测试类/
//序列化:是指把程序中的java对象,永久保存在磁盘中,相当于是写出的过程,方向是out–>ObjectOutputStream
//反序列化:是指把已经序列化在文件中保存的数据,读取/恢复到java程序中的过程,方向是in–>ObjectInputStream
public class TestSerializable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//method();//本方法用来完成序列化的功能
method2();//本方法用于完成反序列化功能
}

<span class="token comment">/**反序列化方法*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">method2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
	<span class="token comment">//声明在本方法内都生效的局部变量,局部变量需要初始化,默认值是null</span>
	ObjectInputStream in <span class="token operator">=</span> null<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
		<span class="token comment">//1.创建ObjectInputStream流对象来完成反序列化</span>
		in <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ObjectInputStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">FileInputStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"D://ready//1.txt"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		
		<span class="token comment">//2.通过流对象反序列化生成指定对象</span>
		Object o <span class="token operator">=</span> in<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readObject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"恭喜您!反序列化成功!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Exception</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
		System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"很抱歉!反序列化失败!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">finally</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token comment">//一定会执行的代码块写释放资源的代码</span>
		<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
			<span class="token comment">//3.释放资源</span>
			in<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">IOException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
			e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">/**序列化方法*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">method</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
	<span class="token comment">//声明在本方法内都生效的局部变量,局部变量需要初始化,默认值是null</span>
	ObjectOutputStream out <span class="token operator">=</span> null<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
		<span class="token comment">//1.创建ObjectOutputStream流对象来完成序列化</span>
		out <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ObjectOutputStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">FileOutputStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"D://ready//1.txt"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		
		<span class="token comment">//2.指定要序列化(输出)的对象</span>
		Student obj <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Student</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"海绵宝宝"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"大海底部"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'男'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		<span class="token comment">//3.通过OOS流对象来序列化输出Student对象</span>
		out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">writeObject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		
		System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"恭喜你!序列化成功!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">IOException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
		System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"很抱歉!序列化失败!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">finally</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token comment">//关流的操作要放在finally{}中--因为此代码块一定会执行</span>
		<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
			<span class="token comment">//4.关流操作</span>
			out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">IOException</span> e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
			e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
		<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}